Study population
Three-dimensional LV datasets were obtained from healthy subjects from 5
pediatric centers from 2014-2019. Inclusion criteria were normal
subjects (ages 0 to 18 years) who presented for routine clinical care
for heart murmur, chest pain, or syncope. These subjects had
echocardiographic evidence of structurally and functionally normal
hearts. Exclusion criteria were similar to the Pediatric Heart Network
normal echocardiographic database.6 Patients with
cardiac abnormalities (except for patent foramen ovale, trivial branch
pulmonary stenosis, or inaudible patent ductus arteriosus), Kawasaki
disease, cardiomyopathy, exposure to anthracyclines, cardiac
transplantation, chronic systemic disease, and preterm infants
<37 weeks gestation were excluded. Consents and waiver of
consents were obtained based on the individual institutional ethics
boards and data use agreements were obtained from each center to
Children’s Hospital Colorado (Center 1) which served as the core
laboratory for the study. All 3D datasets were anonymized and sent to
the core laboratory for data analysis.