Mortality and morbidities
Table 3 and Table 4 generated results from univariate and multivariate analyses to examine effects of the interventions on the expected outcomes. Among the overall participants, there were 5 maternal deaths, 116 fetal deaths (miscarriage/stillbirth) and 54 neonatal deaths reported in the study settings. The incidence of neonatal death, fetal death, preterm birth, low birthweight and severe complications during pregnancy was predicted to be 29.7 per 1,000 (95% CI: 20.7 - 38.7 per 1,000), 21.5 per 1,000 (95% CI: 13.7 - 29.3 per 1,000), 22.21% (95% CI: 20.70% - 23.72%), 12.75% (95% CI: 11.31 - 14.19%) and 2.09% (95% CI: 1.57% - 2.61%), respectively. Neonatal mortality rate (NMR) was 27.8 per 1,000 (95% CI: 19.7 - 36.0 per 1,000), 28.2 per 1,000 (95% CI: 10.5 - 45.8 per 1,000), and 34.8 per 1,000 (95% CI: 17.6 - 52.1 per 1,000) in Intervention 1, Intervention 2 and control group, respectively. Although the GEE model predicted lower incidence of these outcome indicators in general, no significant difference in the three groups was identified. The factors independently affecting neonatal survival included referral of complications during pregnancy and delivery, multiple birth, congenital malformation and CoC. NMR with and without CoC was 5.43 per 1,000 (95% CI: 3.63 - 9.57 per 1,000) and 34.8 per 1,000 (95% CI: 24.3 - 45.4 per 1,000), respectively.