REFERENCES
Boelman NT, Liston GE, Gurarie E, Meddens AJH, Mahoney PJ, Kirchner PB, Bohrer G, Brinkman TJ, Cosgrove CL, Eitel JUH, et al. 2019. Integrating snow science and wildlife ecology in Arctic-boreal North America.Environmental Research Letters 14 (1) DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aaeec1
City of Whitefish. 2018. City of Whitefish Climate Action Plan Available at: https://www.cityofwhitefish.org/229/Climate-Action-Plan
Cooper MG, Nolin AW, Safeeq M. 2016. Testing the recent snow drought as an analog for climate warming sensitivity of Cascades snowpacks.Environmental Research Letters 11 (8) DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/11/8/084009
Crumley R, Nolin A, Mar E, Sproles E. 2020. SnowCloudMetrics - Snow information for everyone. Remote Sensing : 1–18
Daly C, Neilsen RP, Phillips DL. 1993. Daly et al. Journal of Applied Meteorology 33 : 140–158
Foster JL, Winchester JW, Dutton EG. 1992. The date of snow disappearance on the Arctic tundra as determined from satellite, meteorological station and radiometric in situ observations. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 30 (4): 793–798 DOI: 10.1109/36.158874
Garen D. 1992. Garen_JWRPM_1992.pdf. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 118 (6): 654–670
Gleason KE, Nolin AW, Roth TR. 2017. Developing a representative snow-monitoring network in a forested mountain watershed.Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21 (2): 1137–1147 DOI: 10.5194/hess-21-1137-2017
Hagenstad M, Burakowski E, Hill R. 2018. The Economic Contributions of Winter Sports in a Changing Climate. Protect Our Winter POW(February): 1–69
Hammond JC, Saavedra FA, Kampf SK. 2018. Global snow zone maps and trends in snow persistence 2001–2016. International Journal of Climatology 38 (12): 4369–4383 DOI: 10.1002/joc.5674
Harpold AA, Dettinger M, Rajagopal S. 2017. Defining snow drought and why it matters. Eos 98 (5): 15–17 DOI: 10.1029/2017eo068775
Hu JM, Nolin AW. 2019. Snowpack Contributions and Temperature Characterization of Landfalling Atmospheric Rivers in the Western Cordillera of the United States. Geophysical Research Letters46 (12) DOI: 10.1029/2019GL083564
Hu JM, Nolin AW. 2020. Widespread warming trends in storm temperatures and snowpack fate across the Western United States. Environmental Research Letters 15 (3) DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ab763f
Huang K, Zu J, Zhang Y, Cong N, Liu Y, Chen N. 2018. Impacts of snow cover duration on vegetation spring phenology over the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Plant Ecology 12 (3): 583–592 DOI: 10.1093/jpe/rty051
IPCC, Portner HO, Roberts DC, Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai P, Tignor M, Poloczanska E, Mintebeck K, Nicolai M, Okem A, et al. 2019. IPCC The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate Summary for Policmakers.IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (September): SPM-1-SPM-42 Available at: https://report.ipcc.ch/srocc/pdf/SROCC_SPM_Approved.pdf
Jennings KS, Winchell TS, Livneh B, Molotch NP. 2018. Spatial variation of the rain-snow temperature threshold across the Northern Hemisphere.Nature Communications 9 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03629-7
Van De Kerk M, Verbyla D, Nolin AW, Sivy KJ, Prugh LR. 2018. Range-wide variation in the effect of spring snow phenology on Dall sheep population dynamics. Environmental Research Letters 13(7) DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aace64
Knowles N. 2015. Trends in snow cover and related quantities at weather stations in the conterminous United States. Journal of ClimateDOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0051.1
Lundquist JD, Lott F. 2010. Using inexpensive temperature sensors to monitor the duration and heterogeneity of snow-covered areas.Water Resources Research 46 (4): 8–13 DOI: 10.1029/2008WR007035
Lundquist JD, Dickerson-Lange SE, Lutz JA, Cristea NC. 2013. Lower forest density enhances snow retention in regions with warmer winters: A global framework developed from plot-scale observations and modeling.Water Resources Research DOI: 10.1002/wrcr.20504
Mahoney PJ, Liston GE, LaPoint S, Gurarie E, Mangipane B, Wells AG, Brinkman TJ, Eitel JUH, Hebblewhite M, Nolin AW, et al. 2018. Navigating snowscapes: scale-dependent responses of mountain sheep to snowpack properties. Ecological Applications 28 (7): 1715–1729 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1773
Meinshausen M, Smith SJ, Calvin K, Daniel JS, Kainuma MLT, Lamarque J, Matsumoto K, Montzka SA, Raper SCB, Riahi K, et al. 2011. The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300.Climatic Change 109 (1): 213–241 DOI: 10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z
Milly PCD, Betancourt J, Falkenmark M, Hirsch RM, Kundzewicz ZW, Lettenmaier DP, Stouffer RJ. 2008. Climate change: Stationarity is dead: Whither water management? Science 319 (5863): 573–574 DOI: 10.1126/science.1151915
Molotch NP, Bales RC. 2006. Comparison of ground-based and airborne snow surface albedo parameterizations in an alpine watershed: Impact on snowpack mass balance: COMPARISON OF SNOW ALBEDO PARAMETERIZATIONS.Water Resources Research 42 (5): 1–12 DOI: 10.1029/2005WR004522
Montoya EL, Dozier J, Meiring W, Church JE, Hammond JC, Saavedra FA, Kampf SK. 2014. How Does Snow Persistence Relate to Annual Streamflow in Mountain Watersheds of the Western U.S. With Wet Maritime and Dry Continental Climates? Water Resources Research 54 (4): 529 DOI: 10.2307/209242
Moore C, Kampf S, Stone B, Richer E. 2015. A GIS-based method for defining snow zones: application to the western United States.Geocarto International 30 (1): 62–81 DOI: 10.1080/10106049.2014.885089
Mote PW. 2003. Trends in snow water equivalent in the Pacific Northwest and their climatic causes. Geophysical Research Letters30 (12) DOI: 10.1029/2003GL017258
Mote PW, Hamlet AF, Clark MP, Lettenmaier DP. 2005. Declining mountain snowpack in western north America. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 86 (1): 39–49 DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-86-1-39
Mote PW, Li S, Lettenmaier DP, Xiao M, Engel R. 2018. Dramatic declines in snowpack in the western US. Nature Climate and Atmospheric Science 1 (2): 1–6 DOI: 10.1038/s41612-018-0012-1
Nolin AW. 2012. Perspectives on climate change, mountain hydrology, and water resources in the Oregon Cascades, USA. Mountain Research and Development 32 (SUPPL. 1) DOI: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00038.S1
Nolin AW, Daly C. 2006. Mapping ‘at risk’ snow in the Pacific Northwest.Journal of Hydrometeorology 7 (5) DOI: 10.1175/JHM543.1
Oyler JW, Ballantyne A, Jencso K, Sweet M, Running SW. 2015. Creating a topoclimatic daily air temperature dataset for the conterminous United States using homogenized station data and remotely sensed land skin temperature. International Journal of Climatology 35(9): 2258–2279 DOI: 10.1002/joc.4127
Painter TH, Rittger K, McKenzie C, Slaughter P, Davis RE, Dozier J. 2009. Retrieval of subpixel snow covered area, grain size, and albedo from MODIS. Remote Sensing of Environment 113 (4): 868–879 DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2009.01.001
Rittger K, Painter TH, Dozier J. 2013. Assessment of methods for mapping snow cover from MODIS. Advances in Water Resources 51 : 367–380 DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2012.03.002
Serreze MC, Clark MP, Armstrong RL, McGinnis DA, Pulwarty RS. 1999. Characteristics of the western United States snowpack from snowpack telemetry (SNOTEL) data. Water Resources Research 35(7): 2145–2160 DOI: 10.1029/1999WR900090
Sproles EA, Crumley RL, Nolin AW, Mar E, Moreno JIL. 2018. SnowCloudHydro-A new framework for forecasting streamflow in snowy, data-scarce regions. Remote Sensing 10 (8) DOI: 10.3390/rs10081276
Sproles EA, Nolin AW, Rittger K, Painter TH. 2013. Climate change impacts on maritime mountain snowpack in the Oregon Cascades.Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17 (7) DOI: 10.5194/hess-17-2581-2013
Sproles EA, Roth TR, Nolin AW. 2017. Future snow? A spatial-probabilistic assessment of the extraordinarily low snowpacks of 2014 and 2015 in the Oregon Cascades. Cryosphere 11 (1) DOI: 10.5194/tc-11-331-2017
Thrasher B, Xiong J, Wong W, Melton F, Michaelis A, Nemani R. 2013. Downscaled climate projections suitable for resource management.Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 94 (37): 321–323
Topographically driven differences in energy and water constrain climatic control on forest carbon sequestration. 2017. Ecosphere8 (4): e01797 DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1797
Verbyla D, Hegel T, Nolin AW, van de Kerk M, Kurkowski TA, Prugh LR. 2017. Remote sensing of 2000-2016 alpine spring snowline elevation in dall sheep mountain ranges of Alaska and Western Canada. Remote Sensing 9 (11) DOI: 10.3390/rs9111157
Wayand NE, Marsh CB, Shea JM, Pomeroy JW. 2018. Globally scalable alpine snow metrics. Remote Sensing of Environment 213 (April): 61–72 DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2018.05.012
Westerling AL, Hidalgo HG, Cayan DR, Swetnam TW. 2006a. Warming and Earlier Spring Increase Western U.S. Forest Wildfire Activity.Science 313 (5789): 940–943 DOI: 10.1126/science.1128834
Westerling AL, Hidalgo HG, Cayan DR, Swetnam TW. 2006b. Warming and earlier spring increase Western U.S. forest wildfire activity.Science 313 (5789): 940–943 DOI: 10.1126/science.1128834
Xie J, Jonas T, Rixen C, de Jong R, Garonna I, Notarnicola C, Asam S, Schaepman ME, Kneubühler M. 2020. Land surface phenology and greenness in Alpine grasslands driven by seasonal snow and meteorological factors.Science of the Total Environment 725 : 138380 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138380