Different debrief styles
We divided debrief into different styles based on what is commonly practiced in our departments. Debrief in theatres is mandatory although often is just quick comments with everyone rushing to leave or a discussion without a structure or purpose. Some debrief are checklist-based, with questions that the team works through. Some team leaders have daily or weekly team meetings led by the leader, where recent events (as well as forwards planning) are discussed. One of the authors (MD) uses coaching-style debrief utilising coaching tools and principles (recognised by the team because cards, games or activities are often used). Coaching has the potential to increase self-efficacy and determination to counterbalance burnouts and improve personal resilience; these are vital qualities in the healthcare professions(10).
There is a wide variety of debrief styles used just in our unit, and there is no one right way of doing debrief. There is limited evidence on which is best, particularly when each team has unique needs or goals. Moreover, it is important that debrief is responsive to team needs, team culture, and leadership style, as different teams can achieve the same high quality outcomes using quite different ways of working.
It was clear that quick comments and informal discussion were most frequently encountered debrief styles, yet our staff found them less effective than the other styles. Thus, quality of debrief matters, although the exact style may be less important than its quality.