Site selection
Six-paired sampling sites were selected for this study: Gontshi (Gon), Isivivane (Isi), Magangeni (Mag), Mansinya (Man), Memorial gate (Mem), and Zincakeni (Zin). Replicates within each site were at least >300m apart while the actual sites were at least 2 km apart. Each site had four paired plots (one in the closed and open respectively), for a total of eight plots per site. The closed habitat plots were in the middle of this habitat, while the open replicates were 30 m away from the edge. In total there were 48 grids. Canopy cover was used to categorize the habitat type. As described in Parr et al. (2012), habitat-type with a ca. mean canopy cover of ≤ 3% were treated as open savanna, and habitat-type with a ca.mean canopy cover ≥ 55% were treated as closed habitat.