References

2019-nCoV Working Group. Communicable Diseases Network Australia. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) CDNA National Guidelines for Public Health Units 2020. https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/7A8654A8CB144F5FCA2584F8001F91E2/$File/COVID-19-SoNG-v3.10.pdf (accessed November 8, 2020).
Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, Zhan C, Chen C, Lv W, et al. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology 2020. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200642.
Alemany A, Baro B, Ouchi D, Ubals M, Corbacho-Monné M, Vergara-Alert J, et al. Analytical and Clinical Performance of the Panbio COVID-19 Antigen-Detecting Rapid Diagnostic Test. MedRxiv 2020:2020.10.30.20223198. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.30.20223198.
Amanat F, Stadlbauer D, Strohmeier S, Nguyen THO, Chromikova V, McMahon M, et al. A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans. Nat Med 2020;26:1033–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0913-5.
Berry JD, Hay K, Rini JM, Yu M, Wang L, Plummer FA, et al. Neutralizing epitopes of the SARS-CoV S-protein cluster independent of repertoire, antigen structure or mAb technology. MAbs 2010;2:53–66.
Broughton JP, Deng X, Yu G, Fasching CL, Servellita V, Singh J, et al. CRISPR-Cas12-based detection of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Biotechnol 2020;38:870–4. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-020-0513-4.
CDC. Interim Guidance for Use of Pooling Procedures in SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic, Screening, and Surveillance Testing. Cent Dis Control Prev 2020a. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/pooling-procedures.html (accessed November 10, 2020).
CDC. Information for Laboratories about Coronavirus (COVID-19). Cent Dis Control Prev 2020b. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/pooling-procedures.html (accessed November 18, 2020).
CDC. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Cent Dis Control Prev 2020c. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/testing-overview.html (accessed November 18, 2020).
Cherif A, Grobe N, Wang X, Kotanko P. Simulation of Pool Testing to Identify Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Under Conditions of Limited Test Availability. JAMA Netw Open 2020;3. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.13075.
Chi Q, Dai X, Jiang X, Zhu L, Du J, Chen Y, et al. Differential diagnosis for suspected cases of coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis 2020;20:679. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05383-y.
Deckert A, Bärnighausen T, Kyei NN. Simulation of pooled-sample analysis strategies for COVID-19 mass testing. Bull World Health Organ 2020;98:590–8. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.20.257188.
Deeks J, Dinnes J, Takwoingi Y, Davenport C, Spijker R, Taylor-Phillips S, et al. Antibody tests for identification of current and past infection with SARS‐CoV‐2. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013652.
Diao B, Wen K, Chen Jian, Liu Y, Yuan Z, Han C, et al. Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection by Detection of Nucleocapsid Protein. MedRxiv 2020:2020.03.07.20032524. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.07.20032524.
Dinnes J, Deeks JJ, Adriano A, Berhane S, Davenport C, Dittrich S, et al. Rapid, point‐of‐care antigen and molecular‐based tests for diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020. https://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1002%2F14651858.CD013705 (accessed November 12, 2020).
Food and Drug Administration USA. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update FDA Authorizes First Diagnostic Test for Screening of People Without Known or [7256].pdf 2020. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-first-diagnostic-test-screening-people-without-known-or.
Güneyli S, Atçeken Z, Doğan H, Altınmakas E, Atasoy KÇ. Radiological approach to COVID-19 pneumonia with an emphasis on chest CT. Diagn Interv Radiol 2020;26:323–32. https://doi.org/10.5152/dir.2020.20260.
Guo L, Ren L, Yang S, Xiao M, Chang D, Yang F, et al. Profiling Early Humoral Response to Diagnose Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Clin Infect Dis 2020;71:778–85. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa310.
Hanel R, Thurner S. Boosting test-efficiency by pooled testing for SARS-CoV-2—Formula for optimal pool size. PLOS ONE 2020;15:e0240652. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240652.
He X, Lau EHY, Wu P, Deng X, Wang J, Hao X, et al. Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19. Nat Med 2020;26:672–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0869-5.
Hellou MM, Górska A, Mazzaferri F, Cremonini E, Gentilotti E, De Nardo P, et al. Nucleic-acid-amplification tests from respiratory samples for the diagnosis of coronavirus infections: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.11.002.
Jayamohan H, Lambert CJ, Sant HJ, Jafek A, Patel D, Feng H, et al. SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a review of molecular diagnostic tools including sample collection and commercial response with associated advantages and limitations. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020:1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02958-1.
Ji T, Liu Z, Wang G, Guo X, Akbar khan S, Lai C, et al. Detection of COVID-19: A review of the current literature and future perspectives. Biosens Bioelectron 2020;166:112455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2020.112455.
Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. Comparison of National RT-PCR Primers, Probes, and Protocols for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostics 2020. https://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/resources/COVID-19/COVID-19-fact-sheets/200410-RT-PCR.pdf (accessed December 9, 2020).
Khalaf K, Papp N, Chou JT-T, Hana D, Mackiewicz A, Kaczmarek M. SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, and Advancements in Diagnostics and Treatment. Front Immunol 2020;11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.570927.
Kim D, Quinn J, Pinsky B, Shah NH, Brown I. Rates of Co-infection Between SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Pathogens. JAMA 2020;323:2085–6. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6266.
Kosack CS, Page A-L, Klatser PR. A guide to aid the selection of diagnostic tests. Bull World Health Organ 2017;95:639–45. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.16.187468.
Kubina R, Dziedzic A. Molecular and Serological Tests for COVID-19. A Comparative Review of SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Laboratory and Point-of-Care Diagnostics. Diagnostics 2020;10. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10060434.
Lai CKC, Lam W. Laboratory testing for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.069.
Lippi G, Simundic A-M, Plebani M. Potential preanalytical and analytical vulnerabilities in the laboratory diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clin Chem Lab Med CCLM 2020;58:1070–6. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2020-0285.
Long Q-X, Liu B-Z, Deng H-J, Wu G-C, Deng K, Chen Y-K, et al. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19. Nat Med 2020;26:845–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0897-1.
Lorentzen HF, Schmidt SA, Sandholdt H, Benfield T. Estimation of the diagnostic accuracy of real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 using re-analysis of published data. Dan Med J 2020;67.
Mallett S, Allen AJ, Graziadio S, Taylor SA, Sakai NS, Green K, et al. At what times during infection is SARS-CoV-2 detectable and no longer detectable using RT-PCR-based tests? A systematic review of individual participant data. BMC Med 2020;18:346. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-020-01810-8.
Pablos-Méndez A, Vega J, Aranguren FP, Tabish H, Raviglione MC. Covid-19 in Latin America. BMJ 2020;370. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2939.
Pan American Health Organization. Laboratory Guidelines for the Detection and Diagnosis of COVID-19 Virus Infection - PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization 2020. http://www.paho.org/en/documents/laboratory-guidelines-detection-and-diagnosis-covid-19-virus-infection (accessed November 9, 2020).
Pan American Organization. PAHO Director says fight against COVID-19 pandemic must include chronic disease care - PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization 2020. http://www.paho.org/en/news/26-5-2020-paho-director-says-fight-against-covid-19-pandemic-must-include-chronic-disease-care (accessed November 8, 2020).
Rabe BA, Cepko C. SARS-CoV-2 detection using isothermal amplification and a rapid, inexpensive protocol for sample inactivation and purification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020;117:24450–8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011221117.
Ravi N, Cortade DL, Ng E, Wang SX. Diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 detection: A comprehensive review of the FDA-EUA COVID-19 testing landscape. Biosens Bioelectron 2020;165:112454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2020.112454.
Salameh J-P, Leeflang MM, Hooft L, Islam N, McGrath TA, Pol CB, et al. Thoracic imaging tests for the diagnosis of COVID‐19. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013639.pub2.
Sethuraman N, Jeremiah SS, Ryo A. Interpreting Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2. JAMA J Am Med Assoc 2020;323:2249.
Siam MdHB, Nishat NH, Ahmed A, Hossain MS. Stopping the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review on the Advances of Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control Measures. J Pathog 2020;2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9121429.
United Nations. Department of Healthcare Management and Occupational Safety and Health. COVID-19: Differential Diagnosis and Co-infections 2020. https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/coronavirus_guidancecoinfections.pdf (accessed November 22, 2020).
Virginia Department of Health. Antigen Testing Recommendations – Coronavirus 2020. https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/coronavirus/antigen-testing-recommendations/, https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/coronavirus/antigen-testing-recommendations/ (accessed November 18, 2020).
Wang W, Xu Y, Gao R, Lu R, Han K, Wu G, et al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens. JAMA 2020. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.3786.
World Bank Development Indicators DataBank. n.d. https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=2&series=SI.POV.GINI&country= (accessed November 8, 2020).
World Health Organization. Diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 2020a. https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/diagnostic-testing-for-sars-cov-2 (accessed November 8, 2020).
World Health Organization. Considerations for quarantine of contacts of COVID-19 cases. WHO Interim Guidance. 2020b. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/333901/WHO-2019-nCoV-IHR_Quarantine-2020.3-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (accessed November 13, 2020).
World Health Organization. WHO COVID-19 Explorer n.d. https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/covid/ (accessed November 8, 2020).
World Health Organization (último). Antigen-detection in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection using rapid mmunoassays - Interim guidance 2020. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/334253/WHO-2019-nCoV-Antigen_Detection-2020.1-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (accessed November 17, 2020).
Zhu X, Ge Y, Wu T, Zhao K, Chen Y, Wu B, et al. Co-infection with respiratory pathogens among COVID-2019 cases. Virus Res 2020;285:198005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198005.