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\begin{document}

\title{A Preliminary Study of Tinnitus Subgroups based on Self-reported
Presbyacusis and Noise Induced Hearing Loss}



\author[1]{Yu Wang}%
\author[1]{Tao Pan}%
\author[2]{Richard  Tyler}%
\affil[1]{Peking University Third Hospital}%
\affil[2]{University of Iowa}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 21, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Objective: To compare some characteristics of two subgroups of tinnitus,
noise-induced tinnitus and age-related tinnitus. Design: An online
survey from the Iowa Tinnitus Website was reviewed. The participants
were divided into two subgroups according to their reported cause of
tinnitus---noise or aging. Their answers to the questions about
loudness, qualities, worsening and reducing factors of tinnitus were
analyzed. Study sample: There were 16 patients of age-related tinnitus
and 147 of noise-induced tinnitus. Results: Two groups did not differ
significantly in loudness (U = 887.5, p \textgreater{} 0.05), qualities
(X2 = 1.164, p \textgreater{} 0.05) or reducing factors (X2 = 1.984, p
\textgreater{} 0.05). Ringing/whistling was the most common quality of
both age-related (37.5\%) and noise-induced tinnitus (51.7\%). 42.9\% of
participants of noise-induced tinnitus and 31.3\% of age-related
tinnitus felt that nothing made tinnitus better. The main worsening
factors for noise-induced tinnitus included being in a noisy place
(44.2\%) and lack of sleep (42.9\%) , which differed from the
age-related group (X2 = 6.169, p \textless{} 0.05). Conclusions: There
was a great deal of overlap between two subgroups, with some differences
in worsening factors, including noise environment and lack of sleep.
This is an important `red flag' in counseling, and should be considered
by doctors when choosing therapy.%
\end{abstract}%



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