Results
The mean age of the patients was 58.12±17.19, and 46 (55.40%) were males. There was not a statistically significant difference between the mean age of men and women (p > 0.05). 33(89.20%) of the patients had fever, 46 (92.00%) cough, and 53(91.40%) had dyspnea. Furthermore, 6(7.23%) had chill and 9(10.84%) had myalgia (Table1). As well, analysis of the laboratory results showed that abnormal WBC was seen in 34(42.00%) of the patients, 54 (66.70%) lymphopenia, 47(60.30%) neutrophilia, 56(77.80%) abnormal C-reactive protein (CRP), 18(22.00%) abnormal platelet count test (), 40(66.70%) abnormal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and 53(80.30%) had abnormal erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Moreover, the mean of O2 saturation was 93.89±4.77, while, 37(44.60%) of them had insufficient O2 saturation. Furthermore, 32(54.20%) of cases had abnormal serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and 22(37.30%) of cases had abnormal serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and 27(46.60%) of them had abnormal Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (Table2, Table3). Analysis of the HRCT results showed that 73 (87.95%) had abnormal HRCT as follows: bilateral multilobar patchy ground glass opacities (GGO) 16(19.30%), bilateral multilobar patchy ground glass opacities and bilateral alveolar consolidations 18 (21.70%), Pleural effusion 7(8.40%), bilateral alveolar consolidations 6(7.20%), unilateral /single lobar ground glass opacities 2 (2.40%), unilateral/single lobar alveolar consolidation 2 (2.40%), centrilobular nodules/tree in bud opacities 1(1.20%), other mixed disease13 (15.60%) and any other findings 3 (3.60%).
Moreover, 22(42.30%) of women and 30 (57.70%) of men tested positive for HRCT, which there was not a statistically significant association between the gender and HRCT result based on the results from the chi-square test (p > 0.05). The mean age of the patients with negative and positive of HRCT was 58.13\(\pm\)18.26 and 58.12\(\pm\)16.70. Mann-Whitney test showed that there was not a statistically significant difference between the median of age in the two groups of HRCT result (p > 0.05). So that, 16 (30.80%) patients under the 50% lung involvement and 36 (69.20%) were over the 50% lung involvement (Table 1). Distribution dotplot of HRCT assessment of patients based on the HRCT result presented in figure 1. The mean W.B.C of the patients with negative and positive of HRCT was 16.90\(\pm\)34.70 and 10.96\(\pm\)20.36.Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the median of W.B.C in the two groups of HRCT result (p < 0.05) (Table 2). The mean O2 Saturation of the patients with negative and positive of HRCT tests was 95.03\(\pm\)4.49 and 93.21\(\pm\)4.85, respectively. Based on the results from Mann-Whitney, there was a statistically significant difference between the median of O2 saturation in the two groups of HRCT result (p < 0.05). Out of a total of 52 positive cases, 23(44.20%) positive cases at the level of normal oxygen and 29(55.80%) positive cases occurred at the level of abnormal oxygen. Based on the results from chi-square test, there was a statistically significant association between level of O2 saturation and HRCT results (p<0.05). The mean ALP of the patients with negative and positive of HRCT tests was 544.67\(\pm\)516.51 and 313.84\(\pm\)227.36, respectively. Results from the Mann-Whitney test showed that there was not a statistically significant difference between the median of ALP in the two groups of HRCT result (p > 0.05). In patients with normal ALP, 24(64.90%) of the cases had a positive HRCT and in abnormal ALP patients, 13(35.10%) of cases had a positive HRCT , which there was a statistically significant association between the level of ALP and HRCT result based on the results from the chi-square test(p < 0.05) (Table 3). Frequency distribution of past medical history (PMH) among patients with suspected COVID-19 under study presented in Table which 51 (61.40%) of patients had PMH.
Multiple logistic regression showed that ALP (abnormal vs. normal) and score of HRCT assessment variables had a significant effect on the positiveness of HRCT result (P<0.05). So that, by adjusting the effect of other variables, the odds of positiveness of HRCT result with abnormal ALP was 0.04 times as than those with normal ALP and this difference is statistically significant (P<0.05). Furthermore, by adjusting for the effects of other variables, for each unit increase in the score of HRCT assessment, the odds of positiveness of HRCT result of the patients were 5.17 times than those who did not have an increase (P<0.05). But other variables had no significant effect on the positiveness of HRCT result (P>0.05) (Table 5). The area under the ROC curve of the model was 0.96, which indicate the good predictive power of the model (Figure 2).