Characteristics (mean (SD) or %) DII quartiles DII quartiles DII quartiles DII quartiles DII quartiles P – value*
Q1 (N = 62) Q2 (N = 62) Q3 (N = 63) Q4 (N = 62) Total (N = 249)
Energy (kcal/d) 2243.26 ± 299.95 2030.09 ± 257.84 1993.32 ±246.90 1836.02 ± 296.28 2025.54 ± 310.50 0<0.01
Carbohydrates intake (g) 351.11 ± 10.32 291.46 ± 11.35 255.67 ± 12.92 228.01 ± 12.29 281.46 ± 13.54 0<0.01
Protein intake (g) 66.71 ± 10.32 59.40 ± 11.35 57.55 ± 47.57 47.57 ± 12.29 57.81 ± 13.54 0<0.01
Total fat intake (g) 63.77 ± 21.24 70.21 ± 18.94 78.57 ± 18.17 81.73 ± 20.03 73.59 ± 20.74 0<0.01
Saturated fats (g) 19.41 ± 9.09 22.31 ± 8.38 27.13 ± 10.03 30.57 ± 13.99 24.86 ± 11.38 0<0.01
Cholesterol (g) 376.69 ± 592.85 511.68 ± 559.21 387.02 ± 262.36 342.14 ± 323.80 404.31 ± 458.78 0.18
Trance 0.0014 ± 0.0043 0.0005 ± 0.0018 0.0015 ± 0.0018 0.0005 ± 0.0013 0.0010 ± 0.0033 0.19
Vitamin B12 (µg) 3.78 ± 2.86 4.21 ± 3.36 4.05 ± 2.09 3.16 ± 1.76 3.80 ± 2.61 0.1
Fe (mg) 20.02 ± 5.23 15.85 ± 3.05 14.31 ± 2.96 10.40 ± 2.47 15.14 ± 5.03 0<0.01
Garlic (g) 0.09 ± 0.28 0.14 ± 0.40 0.26 ± 0.44 0.27 ± 0.47 0.19 ± 0.41 0.02
Onion (g) 5.28 ± 7.29 7.54 ± 8.57 5.74 ± 5.62 6.93 ± 7.13 6.37 ± 7.24 0.28
Monounsaturated fats (g) 22.20 ± 8.09 26.00 ± 10.89 30.68 ± 12.32 31.53 ± 12.20 27.62 ± 11.58 0<0.01
Polyunsaturated fats (g) 11.93 ± 3.53 10.97 ± 3.27 10.44 ± 3.50 8.29 ± 2.65 10.41 ± 3.50 0<0.01
Fiber (g) 48.15 ± 14.32 39.06 ± 15.45 28.80 ± 14.48 20.40 ± 9.12 34.08 ± 17.08 0<0.01
Caffeine (g) 5.34 ± 8.35 11.13 ± 12.53 15.57 ± 15.86 23.65 ± 23.05 13.93 ± 17.15 0<0.01
Magnesium (mg) 332.21 ± 83.30 262.46 ± 68.34 225.50 ± 62.36 187.11 ± 61.18 251.71 ± 87.26 0<0.01
Vitamin C (mg) 241.74 ± 127.58 127.10 ± 60.95 78.69 ± 43.02 68.62 ± 36.94 128.83 ± 102.22 0<0.01
Vitamin A (µg) 424.44 ± 136.15 294.92 ± 193.69 270.92 ± 135.54 185.97 ± 112.84 293.97 ± 169.76 0<0.01
Vitamin E (mg) 9.36 ± 4.14 7.79 ± 3.92 7.74 ± 4.37 6.35 ± 3.62 7.81 ± 4.14 <0.01
Beta carotene (units) 2577.54 ± 1626.29 1420.50 ± 963.19 1141.26 ± 686.92 768.39 ± 493.72 1475.58 ± 1230.61 0<0.01
Folic acid (µg) 558.95 ± 149.94 441.59 ± 100.38 411.72 ± 86.51 310.90 ± 99.71 430.71 ± 141.93 0<0.01
Vit D (µg) 0.47 ± 0.31 0.43 ± 0.52 0.38 ± 0.40 0.30 ± 0.29 0.39 ± 0.39 0.09
Niacin (mg) 22.56 ± 4.55 18.43 ± 4.45 17.17 ± 4.47 12.85 ± 4.38 17.75 ± 5.63 0<0.01
Omega 3 fatty acids (g) 0.15 ± 0.18 0.19 ± 0.16 0.11 ± 0.08 0.13 ± 0.10 0.15 ± 0.14 0.03
Omega 6 fatty acids (g) 10.20 ± 3.30 9.00 ± 3.30 8.65 ± 3.81 6.50 ± 3.04 8.59 ± 3.61 0<0.01
Riboflavin (mg) 1.94 ± 0.60 1.55 ± 0.33 1.63 ± 0.36 1.29 ± 0.29 1.60 ± 0.47 0<0.01
Thiamin (mg) 2.19 ± 0.54 1.64 ± 0.41 1.57 ± 0.35 1.15 ± 0.32 1.63 ± 0.55 0<0.01
Zinc (mg) 8.90 ± 1.71 7.17 ± 1.45 6.89 ± 1.47 5.42 ± 1.84 7.09 ± 2.04 0<0.01
Selenium (µg) 117.66 ± 47.70 75.52 ± 36.09 73.74 ± 29.62 46.65 ± 22.92 78.38 ± 43.28 0<0.01
B6 (mg) 1.34 ± 0.26 1.08 ± 0.24 0.94 ± 0.21 0.72 ± 0.19 1.02 ± 0.32 0<0.01