Characteristics (mean (SD) or %) |
DII quartiles |
DII quartiles |
DII
quartiles |
DII quartiles |
DII quartiles |
P –
value* |
|
Q1 (N = 62) |
Q2 (N = 62) |
Q3 (N = 63) |
Q4 (N = 62) |
Total (N =
249) |
|
Energy (kcal/d) |
2243.26 ± 299.95 |
2030.09 ± 257.84 |
1993.32 ±246.90 |
1836.02 ± 296.28 |
2025.54 ± 310.50 |
0<0.01 |
Carbohydrates intake (g) |
351.11 ± 10.32 |
291.46 ± 11.35 |
255.67 ±
12.92 |
228.01 ± 12.29 |
281.46 ± 13.54 |
0<0.01 |
Protein intake (g) |
66.71 ± 10.32 |
59.40 ± 11.35 |
57.55 ± 47.57 |
47.57 ± 12.29 |
57.81 ± 13.54 |
0<0.01 |
Total fat intake (g) |
63.77 ± 21.24 |
70.21 ± 18.94 |
78.57 ± 18.17 |
81.73 ± 20.03 |
73.59 ± 20.74 |
0<0.01 |
Saturated fats (g) |
19.41 ± 9.09 |
22.31 ± 8.38 |
27.13 ± 10.03 |
30.57
± 13.99 |
24.86 ± 11.38 |
0<0.01 |
Cholesterol (g) |
376.69 ± 592.85 |
511.68 ± 559.21 |
387.02 ± 262.36 |
342.14 ± 323.80 |
404.31 ± 458.78 |
0.18 |
Trance |
0.0014 ± 0.0043 |
0.0005 ± 0.0018 |
0.0015 ± 0.0018 |
0.0005 ±
0.0013 |
0.0010 ± 0.0033 |
0.19 |
Vitamin B12 (µg) |
3.78 ± 2.86 |
4.21 ± 3.36 |
4.05 ± 2.09 |
3.16 ± 1.76 |
3.80 ± 2.61 |
0.1 |
Fe (mg) |
20.02 ± 5.23 |
15.85 ± 3.05 |
14.31 ± 2.96 |
10.40 ± 2.47 |
15.14 ± 5.03 |
0<0.01 |
Garlic (g) |
0.09 ± 0.28 |
0.14 ± 0.40 |
0.26 ± 0.44 |
0.27 ± 0.47 |
0.19 ± 0.41 |
0.02 |
Onion (g) |
5.28 ± 7.29 |
7.54 ± 8.57 |
5.74 ± 5.62 |
6.93 ± 7.13 |
6.37
± 7.24 |
0.28 |
Monounsaturated fats (g) |
22.20 ± 8.09 |
26.00 ± 10.89 |
30.68 ± 12.32 |
31.53 ± 12.20 |
27.62 ± 11.58 |
0<0.01 |
Polyunsaturated fats (g) |
11.93 ± 3.53 |
10.97 ± 3.27 |
10.44 ± 3.50 |
8.29 ± 2.65 |
10.41 ± 3.50 |
0<0.01 |
Fiber (g) |
48.15 ± 14.32 |
39.06 ± 15.45 |
28.80 ± 14.48 |
20.40 ± 9.12 |
34.08 ± 17.08 |
0<0.01 |
Caffeine (g) |
5.34 ± 8.35 |
11.13 ± 12.53 |
15.57 ± 15.86 |
23.65 ±
23.05 |
13.93 ± 17.15 |
0<0.01 |
Magnesium (mg) |
332.21 ± 83.30 |
262.46 ± 68.34 |
225.50 ± 62.36 |
187.11 ± 61.18 |
251.71 ± 87.26 |
0<0.01 |
Vitamin C (mg) |
241.74 ± 127.58 |
127.10 ± 60.95 |
78.69 ± 43.02 |
68.62 ± 36.94 |
128.83 ± 102.22 |
0<0.01 |
Vitamin A (µg) |
424.44 ± 136.15 |
294.92 ± 193.69 |
270.92 ± 135.54 |
185.97 ± 112.84 |
293.97 ± 169.76 |
0<0.01 |
Vitamin E (mg) |
9.36 ± 4.14 |
7.79 ± 3.92 |
7.74 ± 4.37 |
6.35 ± 3.62 |
7.81 ± 4.14 |
<0.01 |
Beta carotene (units) |
2577.54 ± 1626.29 |
1420.50 ± 963.19 |
1141.26 ±
686.92 |
768.39 ± 493.72 |
1475.58 ± 1230.61 |
0<0.01 |
Folic acid (µg) |
558.95 ± 149.94 |
441.59 ± 100.38 |
411.72 ± 86.51 |
310.90 ± 99.71 |
430.71 ± 141.93 |
0<0.01 |
Vit D (µg) |
0.47 ± 0.31 |
0.43 ± 0.52 |
0.38 ± 0.40 |
0.30 ± 0.29 |
0.39 ± 0.39 |
0.09 |
Niacin (mg) |
22.56 ± 4.55 |
18.43 ± 4.45 |
17.17 ± 4.47 |
12.85 ± 4.38 |
17.75 ± 5.63 |
0<0.01 |
Omega 3 fatty acids (g) |
0.15 ± 0.18 |
0.19 ± 0.16 |
0.11 ± 0.08 |
0.13
± 0.10 |
0.15 ± 0.14 |
0.03 |
Omega 6 fatty acids (g) |
10.20 ± 3.30 |
9.00 ± 3.30 |
8.65 ± 3.81 |
6.50 ± 3.04 |
8.59 ± 3.61 |
0<0.01 |
Riboflavin (mg) |
1.94 ± 0.60 |
1.55 ± 0.33 |
1.63 ± 0.36 |
1.29 ± 0.29 |
1.60 ± 0.47 |
0<0.01 |
Thiamin (mg) |
2.19 ± 0.54 |
1.64 ± 0.41 |
1.57 ± 0.35 |
1.15 ± 0.32 |
1.63 ± 0.55 |
0<0.01 |
Zinc (mg) |
8.90 ± 1.71 |
7.17 ± 1.45 |
6.89 ± 1.47 |
5.42 ± 1.84 |
7.09
± 2.04 |
0<0.01 |
Selenium (µg) |
117.66 ± 47.70 |
75.52 ± 36.09 |
73.74 ± 29.62 |
46.65 ±
22.92 |
78.38 ± 43.28 |
0<0.01 |
B6 (mg) |
1.34 ± 0.26 |
1.08 ± 0.24 |
0.94 ± 0.21 |
0.72 ± 0.19 |
1.02 ±
0.32 |
0<0.01 |