Anthropometric and physical activity assessment
Bodyweight and height were measured using a Seca scale with an accuracy of 100 gr and a Seca stadiometer with an accuracy of 0.5 cm, respectively; and then, BMI was calculated as the body weight (kg) divided by the square of height (m). Waist circumference (WC) was measured in standing position using a tape with an accuracy of 1.0 cm above the iliac crest, just below the lowest rib margin at the end of the normal expiration.30 For hip circumference (HC) determination, the tape was put around the point with the maximum circumference over the buttocks31. The other anthropometric indices, such as abdominal volume index (AVI), conicity index (CI), and BAI (kg/m2) were calculated using the following formulas:32-34