Literature search
This narrative review was conducted by a focused PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science hand search of the English language literature up to November 2020. We included articles referring to the nonpharmacologic treatment of insomnia. The following eligibility criteria were determined in advance. We considered original research, narrative and systematic review articles. Editorials, letters to the editor, and case series/reports were excluded. Terms and keywords used included the following: insomnia, sleep, cognitive-behavioral therapy, sleep hygiene, stimulus control, autogenic training, herbal medicine, phytotherapy, light therapy, acupuncture, acupressure, progressive muscle relaxation, hypnotherapy, exercise, yoga, Tai Chi, music therapy, mindfulness, depression, sleep restriction, aromatherapy, and massage. The bibliographies of relevant articles were searched for additional references.