Discussion
We report a case of one woman over three consecutive courses of pregnancy and childbirth complicated with HAM/TSP. There is no evidence-based medical literature on managing pregnancy and childbirth for pregnancies complicated by HAM/TSP. There are very few reports of pregnancy complicated by HAM/TSP, in the first place. For this reason, women with HAM/TSP in reproductive age and their family may hesitate to get pregnant.
Regarding pregnancy and childbirth management in HAM/TSP patients, we need to consider the followings: (1) fertility, (2) the impact of pregnancy and childbirth on the disease, (3) the impacts of the disease on the course of pregnancy and childbirth, (4) prevention of mother-to-child HTLV-1 transmission, (5) maternal VTE prophylaxis.