Association between hygienic environmental risk factors and
current AR
The use of antibiotics during infancy (aOR, 1.569; 95% Cl,
1.108–2.222) and having older siblings (aOR, 0.660; 95% Cl,
0.478–0.910) were significantly associated with the current AR (Table
2). The risk of current AR was more than doubled in children who took
antibiotics for ≥3 courses during infancy compared to children who did
not (aOR, 2.058; 95% Cl, 1.290–3.284). In contrast, the risk was
halved in children with two or more older siblings compared to children
without older siblings (aOR, 0.526; 95% Cl, 0.303–0.913). However,
cesarean section delivery and
breastfeeding did not show statistically significant association with
current AR (Table 2).