Age (year) |
11.10 ± 0.89 |
11.10 ± 0.87 |
0.942 |
Male |
140/246 (56.9%) |
584/1198 (48.7%) |
0.020 |
BMI (kg/m2) |
19.41 ± 3.50 |
19.01 ± 3.23 |
0.084 |
Urban dweller (Seoul) |
141/246 (57.3%) |
438/1200 (36.5%) |
0.000 |
Parental history of allergic diseases |
117/239 (49.0%) |
240/1168
(20.5%) |
0.000 |
Parental income (Korean Won/month) |
|
|
0.000 |
Low (≤2,900,000) |
39/230 (17.0%) |
307/1106 (27.8%) |
|
Middle (3,000,000-4,900,000) |
163/230 (70.9%) |
725/1106 (65.6%) |
|
High (≥5,000,000) |
28/230 (12.2%) |
74/1106 (6.7%) |
|
Highly educated mother (college graduates) |
145/241 (60.2%) |
526/1124
(46.8%) |
0.000 |
Exposure to tobacco smoke |
101/241 (41.9%) |
541/1168 (46.3%) |
0.211 |
Antibiotic use during infancy |
|
|
0.000 |
No use |
157/246 (63.8%) |
924/1166 (79.2%) |
|
Use |
89/246 (36.2%) |
242/1166 (20.8%) |
|
1–2 course(s) |
41/244 (16.8%) |
146/1159 (12.6%) |
|
≥3 courses |
46/244 (18.9%) |
89/1159 (7.7%) |
|
Cesarean section delivery |
84/244 (34.4%) |
393/1171 (33.6%) |
0.795 |
Breast milk feeding |
|
|
0.567 |
No |
105/245 (42.9%) |
484/1184 (40.9%) |
|
Yes |
140/245 (57.1%) |
700/1184 (59.1%) |
|
During <6 months |
74/234 (31.6%) |
311/1117 (27.8%) |
|
During ≥6 months |
64/234 (27.4%) |
370/1117 (33.1%) |
|
Having older siblings |
|
|
0.000 |
No siblings |
124/242 (51.2%) |
439/1182 (37.1%) |
|
Yes |
118/242 (48.8%) |
743/1182 (62.9%) |
|
Only one |
92/242 (38.0%) |
476/1182 (40.3%) |
|
Two or more |
26/242 (10.7%) |
267/1182 (22.6%) |
|