Disclosure Statement
The authors have no potential sources of conflict of interest to
declare.
References
1. Nunes H, Bouvry D, Soler P, Valeyre D. Sarcoidosis. Orphanet J Rare
Dis. 2007;2:46.
2. Chen ES, Moller DR. Etiology of sarcoidosis. Clin Chest Med.
2008;29(3):365-77, vii.
3. Mrówka-Kata K, Kata D, Lange D, Namysłowski G, Czecior E, Banert K.
Sarcoidosis and its otolaryngological implications. European Archives of
Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2010;267(10):1507-14.
4. Rosen, Y. The Pathology of Sarcoidosis. Seminars in respiratory and
critical care medicine. 2007;28:36-52.
5. Badhey AK, Kadakia S, Carrau RL, Iacob C, Khorsandi A. Sarcoidosis of
the head and neck. Head Neck Pathol. 2015;9(2):260-8.
6. van Beek EJ, Hoffman EA. Functional imaging: CT and MRI. Clinics in
chest medicine. 2008;29(1):195-216.
7. Kirkil G, Lower EE, Baughman RP. Predictors of Mortality in Pulmonary
Sarcoidosis. CHEST. 2018;153(1):105-13.
8. Braun JJ, Gentine A, Pauli G. Sinonasal sarcoidosis: review and
report of fifteen cases. The Laryngoscope. 2004;114(11):1960-3.
9. Aladesanmi OA. Sarcoidosis: an update for the primary care physician.
MedGenMed. 2004;6(1):7.
10. Gulati S, Krossnes B, Olofsson J, Danielsen A. Sinonasal involvement
in sarcoidosis: a report of seven cases and review of literature.
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2012;269(3):891-6.
11. Aubart FC, Ouayoun M, Brauner M, Attali P, Kambouchner M, Valeyre D,
et al. Sinonasal involvement in sarcoidosis: a case-control study of 20
patients. Medicine. 2006;85(6):365-71.
12. Adelola OA, Fernandez R, Ahmad R, Leamy M, Moriarty BG. Sarcoidosis
of the external ear–literature review and report of a case. J
Laryngol Otol. 2007;121(3):289-92.
13. Duchemann B, Lavolé A, Naccache J-M, Nunes H, Benzakin S, Lefevre M,
et al. Laryngeal sarcoidosis: a case-control study. Sarcoidosis,
vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases: official journal of WASOG.
2014;31(3):227.
14. Neel III HB, McDonald TJ. Laryngeal sarcoidosis: report of 13
patients. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology.
1982;91(4):359-62.
15. Mayerhoff RM, Pitman MJ. Atypical and disparate presentations of
laryngeal sarcoidosis. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology.
2010;119(10):667-71.
16. Colvin I. Audiovestibular manifestations of sarcoidosis: a review of
the literature. The Laryngoscope. 2006;116(1):75-82.
17. Baughman RP. Pulmonary sarcoidosis. Clinics in chest medicine.
2004;25(3):521-30, vi.
18. Callejas-Rubio JL, López-Pérez L, Ortego-Centeno N. Tumor necrosis
factor-alpha inhibitor treatment for sarcoidosis. Therapeutics and
Clinical Risk Management. 2008;4(6):1305.
19. Roberts SD, Wilkes DS, Burgett RA, Knox KS. Refractory sarcoidosis
responding to infliximab. Chest. 2003;124(5):2028-31.
20. Ryu C, Herzog EL, Pan H, Homer R, Gulati M. Upper Airway Obstruction
Requiring Emergent Tracheostomy Secondary to Laryngeal Sarcoidosis: A
Case Report. Am J Case Rep. 2017;18:157-9.
21. Butler CR, Nouraei SR, Mace AD, Khalil S, Sandhu SK, Sandhu GS.
Endoscopic airway management of laryngeal sarcoidosis. Archives of
Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery. 2010;136(3):251-5.
22. Gurkov R, Berghaus A. Nasal reconstruction in advanced sinunasal
sarcoidosis. Rhinology. 2009;47(3):327.
23. Arsovic N, Babic B, Dimitrijevic M, Bukurov B, Vucinic V. Otitis
media and facial paralysis as presenting symptoms of a primary middle
ear sarcoidosis. Otol Neurotol. 2013;34(8):e121-2.
24. Vorselaars A, Keijsers R, Grutters J. Earlobe sarcoidosis.
Sarcoidosis Vasculitis and Diffuse Lung Diseases. 2012;29(1):55.
25. Krespi YP, Kuriloff DB, Aner M. Sarcoidosis of the Sinonasal Tract:
A New Staging System. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery.
1995;112(2):221-7.