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\begin{document}

\title{Evaluation Method of Training Simulation on Biological Models for
Cardiovascular Surgery Residents}



\author[1]{Carlos Brandão}%
\author[2]{Luis Roberto Dallan}%
\author[3]{Fabrício Dinato}%
\author[1]{Rosangela Monteiro}%
\author[1]{Alfredo Fiorelli}%
\author[4]{Fábio Jatene}%
\affil[1]{University of Sao Paulo Heart Institute}%
\affil[2]{University of Sao Paulo Hospital of Clinics}%
\affil[3]{University of São Paulo}%
\affil[4]{Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School}%


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  \date{June 13, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Objectives: The goal of this study was to describe and evaluate our
simulation training program on biological models for the cardiovascular
surgery residency program at our institution. Material and Methods:
Since 2016, with the purpose to develop better practical performance and
evaluate the improvement of resident's surgical skills, it was
implemented a simulation training program, composed of some elemental
procedures in cardiovascular surgery. It was established one wet lab
session weekly lasting 2 hours, coached by 2 expert cardiovascular
surgeons. Bovine and porcine hearts were used as biological models. At
the end of the hands on program, an objective assessment consisting of 2
practical modules was applied and performance was rated by way of a
5-point scale. In addition, to provide a subjective assessment, each
resident filled out a questionnaire consisting of 3 items reviewing the
overall quality of the workshops on a 10-point scale. Results: The
objective evaluation applied at the end of the training program
consisted by valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting
(CABG) modules. The mean performance rating scores for valve replacement
module ranged from 4.2 to 4.79, and to CABG, from 4.33 to 4.87.
Regarding subjective assessment, all items evaluated, such as expert's
didactics, simulation performance and biological simulator fidelity,
received high grades (above 9 on a 10-point scale). Conclusions:
Simulator training on biological models for cardiac surgery medical
residents is a simple and effective learning method of surgical skills.%
\end{abstract}%



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