Legends to figures
Figure 1. Flowchart of the model dynamics. The initial population, with individuals of identical compound phenotype, is subjected to the Selection in the newly-colonized host. Upon survival, the simulated pathogen population will then undergoReproduction . The daughter compound phenotype will differ from the parental phenotype according to a pre-defined rate of emergence of evolutionary novelties (μ ). Descendent populations are subjected to these cyclic sequences for a pre-determined number of generations
Figure 2. Probability of establishment of the pathogen population as a function of the propagule phenotype distance (d0 ). The graphs present the effect of (a ) reproduction rate, (b ) evolutionary novelty rate, and (c ) propagule size (N0 ) on the probability of establishment for varying resource distances (d0 ). Except for the specifically tested parameter in each graph, the remaining simulation parameter values used are defined in Table 1. The black line in every graph represents the probability of a single pathogen individual of surviving the first reproductive event following colonization at eachd0 - Eq (1). The grey line represents the probability of establishment of the pathogen when all parameters are maximized (the highest values in Table 1) in the simulations.
Figure 3. Evolution of compound phenotype diversity/frequency and population size over generations. Left vertical axis indicate the distance of the pathogen compound phenotype from the optimum value imposed by the host, (di,n ), whereas the horizontal axes indicate generation time in simulations. The orange palette depicts compound phenotype frequency in the given generation, warmer colors indicate greater phenotype frequency in the population. The right vertical axis represents the population size, drawn as a blue line - carrying capacity = 1,000 (Table 1). The vertical lines in the last two plots correspond to the respective generation time (same colors) depicted in Figure 3. The respective rates of novelty emergence for each graphic are the following: (a ) μ = 0.0; (b ) μ = 10-4; and (c ) μ = 10-2 - the remaining parameter values are those presented in Table 1.
Figure 4. Maintenance of original phenotypes according to the rate of evolutionary novelties. Relative frequency of compound phenotype as a function of the distance of the pathogen compound phenotype from the optimum value imposed by the host, (di,n ) for two levels of evolutionary novelty rates and propagule size: (a ) μ =10-4 and (b) μ =10-2, N0 =1 (c )μ =10-2, N0 =200,b =7.5). Each curve represents specific generation times as follow: (a ) 45 (yellow line), 120 (dark-orange line), 200 (red line), 500 (brown line); (b ) and (c ) =10 (yellow line), 13 (light-orange line), 25 (dark-orange line), 35 (red line), 500 (brown line). The first four temporal elements (colored lines) of each list are highlighted by the vertical lines in Figure 3b and 3c, respectively.