2.5 Statistical Analysis:
MedCalc® Statistical Software version 19.6.4 (MedCalc Software Ltd, Ostend, Belgium; https://www.medcalc.org; 2021) was utilized for all statistical analyses. The random effect model using inverse variance method and DerSimonian and Laird estimator of Tua2 was used to calculate the pooled prevalence and associated 95% confidence interval (CI). Results for outcome analysis were presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI and pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model. The I2 statistics were used to assess the heterogeneity of effect size estimates across included studies (low heterogeneity: I2 ≤ 25%; moderate: 25–50%; high > 75%). Publication bias was explored using funnel plots, Egger’s regression test, and Begg-Mazumdar’s rank correlation test.