AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

A.P.L., Y.J.K. and M.L. contributed equally to this work, carried out data analysis, data interpretation, and wrote the manuscript with contributions from all other authors. D.L. conducted the CHO bioreactor cultures. Y.J.K., L.Z., H.L.L., S.C. and S.Y.M. undertook sample processing, multiomics profiling and data acquisition. K.S.A. contributed to data analysis. N.T., S.K.N. and Y.S.H. conceived the study and coordinated the work. N.T., T.S., X.W., E.G., A.H-M.T., X.B., S.K.N., D-Y.L., W.L.W.L. and Y.S.H. contributed to interpretation of the data, and critical revision of the manuscript.