Conclusion

This review article summarizes current gene therapy strategies for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Further development of gene therapy for this condition is encouraged by the limited efficacy of pharmacological and catheter-based therapies for AF. While AF remains a complex and heterogeneous clinical entity, gene therapy targeting multiple signaling pathways show very promising results in pre-clinical models. Improved longevity of vectors and expansion of targeting and delivery of vectors may lead to the development of effective and long-lasting treatment for AF.