Statistical analysis
All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). A p-value cut-off point of 0.05 at 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine statistical significance. A univariate analysis was conducted using the Pearson chi-square test and independent-samples t-test to compare various descriptive variables with outcome measures. Post-hoc multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the outcome measures according to the risk factors examined in the prediction model.