Niche expansion and unfilling dynamics
As predicted, examining patterns of niche expansion and niche unfilling
demonstrate a gradient of realized niche change across clades in their
shifted ranges (Supplementary material Appendix Figure A5). There is
considerable evidence of expansion when comparing the realized niche of
clade to its native niche, such as, E. A clade shows 99.7% niche
expansion (vs. native clade E. D) (Figure 3h). From our results (Table
3), there is nearly 50% (3/6; clade E. A, E. B and E. C) of the clades’
invaded niche exists in climates that are less occupied in its native
range (i.e. niche expansion). While, 33% (2/6; clade E. D and W. a) of
the clades’ native niches remain stable, only one clade W. b can be
viewed as typical niche unfilling (Figure 3i).