References:
1. Sugano K, Tack J, Kuipers EJ, Graham DY, El-Omar EM, Miura S, et al. Kyoto global consensus report on Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Gut. 2015;64(9):1353-67.
2. Park JS, Jun JS, Seo JH, Youn HS, Rhee KH. Changing prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in children and adolescents. Clinical and experimental pediatrics. 2020.
3. Zabala Torrres B, Lucero Y, Lagomarcino AJ, Orellana-Manzano A, George S, Torres JP, et al. Review: Prevalence and dynamics of Helicobacter pylori infection during childhood. Helicobacter. 2017;22(5).
4. Chiang TH, Chang WJ, Chen SL, Yen AM, Fann JC, Chiu SY, et al. Mass eradication of Helicobacter pylori to reduce gastric cancer incidence and mortality: a long-term cohort study on Matsu Islands. Gut. 2020.
5. Ford AC, Yuan Y, Forman D, Hunt R, Moayyedi P. Helicobacter pylori eradication for the prevention of gastric neoplasia. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2020;7(7):Cd005583.
6. Kim HJ, Kim YJ, Seo SI, Shin WG, Park CH. Impact of the timing of Helicobacter pylori eradication on the risk of development of metachronous lesions after treatment of early gastric cancer: a population-based cohort study. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2020;92(3):613-22.e1.
7. Ford AC, Yuan Y, Moayyedi P. Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy to prevent gastric cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut. 2020;69(12):2113-21.
8. Miftahussurur M. Noninvasive Helicobacter pylori Diagnostic Methods in Indonesia. Gut and liver. 2020;14(5):553-9.
9. Llorca-Otero L, Toro-Rueda C. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection: Progress and challenges. Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica. 2020;38(9):407-9.
10. Arismendi-Morillo G, Hernández I, Mengual E, Fuenmayor A, Romero G, Lizarzábal M. Comparison of three methods based on endoscopic gastric biopsies for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori active infection in a clinical setting. Arquivos de gastroenterologia. 2011;48(3):190-4.
11. Godbole G, Mégraud F, Bessède E. Review: Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter. 2020;25 Suppl 1:e12735.
12. Pichon M, Pichard B, Barrioz T, Plouzeau C, Croquet V, Fotsing G, et al. Diagnostic Accuracy of a Noninvasive Test for Detection of Helicobacter pylori and Resistance to Clarithromycin in Stool by the Amplidiag H. pylori+ClariR Real-Time PCR Assay. Journal of clinical microbiology. 2020;58(4).
13. Pourakbari B, Ghazi M, Mahmoudi S, Mamishi S, Azhdarkosh H, Najafi M, et al. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection by invasive and noninvasive tests. 2013;44(3):795-8.
14. Sugano K, Tack J, Kuipers EJ, Graham DY, El-Omar EM, Miura S, et al. Kyoto global consensus report on Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Gut. 2015;64(9):1353-67.
15. Yagi K, Aruga Y, Nakamura A, Sekine A. Regular arrangement of collecting venules (RAC): a characteristic endoscopic feature of Helicobacter pylori-negative normal stomach and its relationship with esophago-gastric adenocarcinoma. Journal of gastroenterology. 2005;40(5):443-52.
16. Yagi K, Honda H, Yang J, Nakagawa SJE. Magnifying endoscopy in gastritis of the corpus. 2005;37(7):660-6.
17. Alaboudy A, Elbahrawy A, Matsumoto S, Galal GM, Chiba T. Regular arrangement of collecting venules: Does patient age affect its accuracy? World journal of gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2011;3(6):118-23.
18. Anagnostopoulos GK, Yao K, Kaye P, Fogden E, Fortun P, Shoncle A, et al. High-resolution magnification endoscopy can reliably identify normal gastric mucosa, Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis, and gastric atrophy. Endoscopy. 2007;39(3):202-7.
19. Cho JH, Chang YW, Jang JY, Shim JJ, Lee CK, Dong SH, et al. Close observation of gastric mucosal pattern by standard endoscopy can predict Helicobacter pylori infection status. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia). 2013;28(2):279-84.
20. Garces-Duran R, Garcia-Rodriguez A, Cordova H, Cuatrecasas M, Gines A, Gonzalez-Suarez B, et al. Association between a regular arrangement of collecting venules and absence of Helicobacter pylori infection in a European population. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2019;90(3):461-6.
21. Gonen C, Simsek I, Sarioglu S, Akpinar H. Comparison of high resolution magnifying endoscopy and standard videoendoscopy for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori gastritis in routine clinical practice: A prospective study. Helicobacter. 2009;14(1):12-21.
22. Hidaka N, Nakayama Y, Horiuchi A, Kato S, Sano K. Endoscopic identification of helicobacter pylori gastritis in children. Digestive Endoscopy. 2010;22(2):90-4.
23. Inui M, Ohwada S, Inui Y, Kondo Y, Moro A, Sasaki K. Evaluating the Accuracy of the Endoscopic ABC Classification System in Diagnosing Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastritis. Digestion. 2020;101(3):298-307.
24. Katake Y, Ichikawa K, Fujio C, Tomita S, Imura J, Fujimori T. Irregular arrangement of collecting venules (IRAC) provides a critical endoscopic insight in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis: A secondary publication. Biomedical Reports. 2013;1(1):23-7.
25. Kato T, Yagi N, Kamada T, Shimbo T, Watanabe H, Ida K. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric mucosa by endoscopic features: A multicenter prospective study. Digestive Endoscopy. 2013;25(5):508-18.
26. Machado RS, Viriato A, Kawakami E, Patricio FR. The regular arrangement of collecting venules pattern evaluated by standard endoscope and the absence of antrum nodularity are highly indicative of Helicobacter pylori uninfected gastric mucosa. Dig Liver Dis. 2008;40(1):68-72.
27. Na S, Chung JW, Park HJ, Kim YJ, Kwon KA, Hahm KB, et al. [The Usefulness of the Regular Arrangement of Collecting Venules Pattern for the Determination of Helicobacter pylori Infection]. The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi. 2011;58(5):252-7.
28. Nakayama Y, Horiuchi A, Kumagai T, Kubota S, Kobayashi M, Sano K, et al. Discrimination of Normal Gastric Mucosa from Helicobacter pylori Gastritis using Standard Endoscopes and a Single Observation Site: Studies in Children and Young Adults. Helicobacter. 2004;9(2):95-9.
29. Tatewaki M, Genka I, Taguchi J. Transnasal endoscopy is useful for diagnosis of H. pylori infection. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2010;71(5):AB362.
30. Terao S, Kure I, Tohme M, Furumatsu K, Nishizawa A, Suzuki S, et al. Disappearance of diffuse redness and appearance of map-like redness are the most important findings for diagnosis of h. pylori eradicated status. United European Gastroenterology Journal. 2015;3(5):A493-A4.
31. Yagi K, Nakamura A, Sekine A. Characteristic endoscopic and magnified endoscopic findings in the normal stomach without Helicobacter pylori infection. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Australia). 2002;17(1):39-45.
32. McInnes MDF, Moher D, Thombs BD, McGrath TA, Bossuyt PM, Clifford T, et al. Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies: The PRISMA-DTA Statement. Jama. 2018;319(4):388-96.
33. Salameh JP, Bossuyt PM, McGrath TA, Thombs BD, Hyde CJ, Macaskill P, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies (PRISMA-DTA): explanation, elaboration, and checklist. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2020;370:m2632.
34. Whiting PF, Rutjes AW, Westwood ME, Mallett S, Deeks JJ, Reitsma JB, et al. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Annals of internal medicine. 2011;155(8):529-36.
35. Chu H, Cole SR. Bivariate meta-analysis of sensitivity and specificity with sparse data: a generalized linear mixed model approach. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 2006;59(12):1331-2; author reply 2-3.
36. Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Statistics in medicine. 2002;21(11):1539-58.
37. Li L, Jing J, Gao H, Zhang C, Lou H, Pan W. Regular arrangement of collecting venules under endoscopy for predicting a Helicobacter pylori-negative stomach: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterologia y hepatologia. 2020.
38. Helicobacter pylori: New endoscopic findings could confirm success of Helicobacter pylori eradication. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2012.
39. Nejati S, Karkhah A, Darvish H, Validi M, Ebrahimpour S, Nouri HR. Influence of Helicobacter pylori virulence factors CagA and VacA on pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disorders. Microbial pathogenesis. 2018;117:43-8.
40. Wang F, Meng W, Wang B, Qiao L. Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric inflammation and gastric cancer. Cancer letters. 2014;345(2):196-202.
41. Kononov AV. [Inflammation as a basis for Helicobacter pylori-associated diseases]. Arkhiv patologii. 2006;68(5):3-10.
Table 1 . Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis