Fig.6 Coefficients of standardized total effect (direct plus indirect effect) of each variable on plant (a) abundance and (b) species diversity in shrubland, (c) abundance and (d) species diversity in shrub layer of woodland, (e) abundance and (f) species diversity in tree layer of woodland derived from structural equation model (SEMs). All environment variables in the above figures are significant (P <0.05). For abbreviations, see Material and Methods and Table 2.