Figure 5. Functional Comparison of Glomerular and Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) MPS in Single and Tri-culture Conditions (n=3 microsphyiological system [MPS] devices/condition). Figures A,C,E represent single culture experimental tests with no glomerular cells, and figures B, D, F depict a tri-culture MPS with a glomerulus housing unit. (A) Filtrate output formation in single culture. (B) Filtrate output formation in tri-culture. (C) Glucose secretion in single culture. (D) Glucose secretion in tri-culture. (E) Protein filtration of FITC- human serum albumin (HSA) in single culture. (** Comparison of individual datapoints within urine output, p<0.01, non-parametric one-way ANOVA). (F) Protein filtration of FITC-HSA in tri-culture. (*** Comparison of individual datapoints within blood circuit and filtrate output, p<0.001, non-parametric one-way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney test). (G) HSA concentration of filtrate output in single and tri-culture. (*** Comparison of rates in filtrate between single and tri-cultures, p<0.001, linear regression, Rsingle2= 0.86, Rtri2= 0.20).