Explanatory viarable Abbreviation
Communication routes (railways and roads) density Communication
Shannon’s diversity index of landscape SHDI
Urban area percentage Urban
Cropland area percentage Cropland
Forest area percentage Forest
Human population density Density
Income per capita Income
Topographic roughness index TRI
Topographic position index TPI
Average annual temperature Temperature
Topographic wetness index TWI
Temperature seasonality Ts
Annual sum of precipitation Precipitation
CaCO3 content Ca
K content K
N content N
P content P
pH in H2O pH
Distance to nearest introduction site S.canadensis distance_S.can
Distance to nearest introduction site S.gigantea distance_S.gig
Presence of competing Solidago species* Competitor