\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Biotic interactions are more important at species' warm vs. cool
range-edges: a synthesis}



\author[1]{Alexandra Paquette}%
\author[1]{Anna Hargreaves}%
\affil[1]{McGill University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 26, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Predicting which ecological factors constrain species distributions is a
fundamental question in ecology and critical to forecasting geographic
responses to global change. Darwin hypothesized that abiotic factors
generally impose species' high-latitude and high-elevation (typically
cool) range limits, whereas biotic interactions more often impose
species' low-latitude/low-elevation (typically warm) limits, but
empirical support has been mixed. Here, we clarify three predictions
arising from Darwin's hypothesis, and show that previously mixed support
is partially due to researchers testing different predictions. Using a
comprehensive literature review (886 range limits), we find that biotic
interactions, including competition, predation, and parasitism,
influenced species' warm limits more often than species' cool limits. At
cool limits, abiotic factors were consistently more important than
biotic interactions, but temperature contributed strongly to cool and
warm limits. Our results suggest that most range limits will be
sensitive to climate warming, but warm limit responses will depend
strongly on biotic interactions.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy




\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

