\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman,english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Thermal cracking characteristics and mechanism of sandstone after
high-temperature treatment}



\author[1]{Weijing Xiao}%
\author[2]{Guo Yu}%
\author[2]{Haitao Li}%
\author[1]{Dongming Zhang}%
\author[1]{Shujian Li}%
\author[1]{Beichen Yu}%
\author[1]{Dongwei Li}%
\affil[1]{Chongqing University}%
\affil[2]{PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company Exploration and Development Research Institute}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 21, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
To study the thermal cracking characteristics and mechanism of sandstone
after high-temperature treatment, the pore size distribution and
micromorphology of sandstone were observed by nuclear magnetic resonance
and scanning electron microscopy. Then, based on the Weibull
distribution theory, a thermal elastic mechanical model of random
heterogeneous rock was established for the rock unit, the thermal stress
distribution characteristics of sandstone were analysed, and the thermal
fracture mechanism of rock was discussed. The results show that the
porosities of the samples increased with increasing temperature, and the
proportion of large pores increased significantly when exceeded 400 \selectlanguage{ngerman}°C.
Particularly when reached 1000 °C, thermal cracking was distributed in a
complex network. Additionally, different rock units are in different
thermal stress states, which leads to the regional differences in the
distribution of rock thermal fracture. When exceeded 400 °C, there were
obvious thermal cracks near the outer edge that weakened the mechanical
properties of rock.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



\sloppy




\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

