2.4 Outcomes
The primary outcome variable is the PPPM score. The PPPM score is
determined with a 15-item questionnaire with each item corresponding to
a 1 if positive. Scores may range from 0-15; lower scores are associated
with less pain and a closer approximation to normal activities.
Secondary outcomes include oxycodone usage(mg/kg in the first 24 hours)
and number of episodes of nausea/vomiting. Oxycodone usage was recorded
on the medication record by the nurse that administered it. Nausea was
recorded if the child was able to express it. Vomiting was the forcible
ejection of gastric contents through the mouth. This was reported by the
parents as part of the interview on postoperative day 0(POD 0), days
1-3(POD 1-3)and days 8-10(POD 8-10)(Appendix1).