Statistical methods
Normality of each variable was tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Pre- and post-treatment values were compared within groups using paired ttest. Between-group comparisons were made using independent samplet test. Effects of potential confounding factors were adjusted by the analysis of covariance. All ANCOVA models were adjusted for the baseline values of each variable and mean changes of BMI, WHR, physical activity, and energy intake. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. SPSS version 22 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for analysis.