Figure captions
Figure 1: Conceptual figure of resource-use dissimilarity (RUD)
as a measure of resource-use complementarity, exemplified for a primary
producer community with four tree species in the species pool. We assume
that the resource pool has as many compartments C as there are species
in the species pool. Each species has access to at least one and up to C
= 4 compartments. Species accessing the same compartment compete for
resources within that compartment. By systematically varying the
resource-access of all species, we can define a gradient of resource-use
dissimilarity (RUD) ranging from no dissimilarity (RUD = 0) to complete
dissimilarity between all species (RUD = 1).
Figure 2: Diversity effects and resource-use dissimilarity
(RUD) without multi-trophic interactions. (a) Mean
diversity-productivity relationships at different levels of RUD (colored
lines) and overall average (thick black line). (b) Observed yieldYO (different shades of blue at different levels
of producer richness) and expected yield YE (red)
as functions of RUD. (c) Net diversity effects ΔY = YO -
YE for different levels of producer richness. Error bars
in (b) and (c) show 25th and 75th; squares show 50th percentile (i.e.,
median).
Figure 3: Effects of animal richness (i.e., multi-trophic
animal richness of 0, 10, 30, 50, and 70) on (a) net diversity effects
ΔY = YO - YE = CE + SE, (b)
complementarity effects CE and (c) selection effects SE, as well as (d)
observed yield YO and (e) expected yield
YE. Summarized at primary producer richness = 16 for
different ranges of resource-use dissimilarity (0 - 0.25, 0.25 - 0.5,
0.5 - 0.75, and 0.75 - 1). Error bars show 25th and 75th; squares show
50th percentile (i.e., median).
Figure 4: Effects of animal richness (i.e., multi-trophic
animal richness of 0, 10, 30, 50, and 70) on (a) realized species
richness of the producer community and (b) Shannon diversity
Hexp of the producer community’s resource-use as a
measure of realized resource-use dissimilarity. Summarized at primary
producer richness of 16 for different ranges of resource-use
dissimilarity (0 - 0.25, 0.25 - 0.5, 0.5 - 0.75, and 0.75 - 1). Error
bars show 25th and 75th; squares show 50th percentile (i.e., median).