Abstract
Background:Percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (PBPV) is the primary treatment for pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS).
Methods: The study consisted of 228 children with PVS who underwent PBPV from January 2004 to October 2019 at a single center. The risk factors for ≥moderate pulmonary regurgitation (PR), residual stenosis, and re-stenosis were analyzed based on the baseline patient characteristics and measured value of corresponding inspection results.
Results: Among 228 patients, follow-up results were obtained in 193 patients. The univariate analysis demonstrated that young age, low weight, small pulmonary annulus diameter, higher initial RV-PA PSEG, increased RV/systemic pressure ratio, and severe PVS were associated with ≥moderate PR. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that higher initial RV-PA PSEG and low weight were independently associated with ≥moderate PR, while higher initial RV-PA PSEG was independently associated with residual stenosis and re-stenosis.
Conclusion: PBPV is a preferred treatment in PVS children with higher success rate. Higher initial RV-PA PSEG was a significant factor for ≥moderate PR, residual stenosis, and re-stenosis.
Introduction
Pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS) is a typical congenital heart disease that represents approximately 8%–10% of cardiac birth defects[1]. The prevalence seems to be steadily increasing over time. Pulmonary stenosis can be valvular, sub-valvular (infundibular) or supra-valvular. Valvular stenosis is by far the most common form[2]. Percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (PBPV) was first reported by Kan et al. in 1982[3]. Since then, several other studies reported successful application of this technique to treat patients with PVS. They focused on the feasibility, safety, effectiveness, and practicality of PBPV[4-7]. However, these studies were restricted to youths or adults. Thus, our study focused on a retrospective analysis of the pediatric population. In this study, the risk factors of ≥moderate pulmonary regurgitation (PR) and pulmonary re-stenosis were emphatically analyzed.