Patient inclusion
A total of 131 children who underwent PmVSD closure via a left
parasternal ultra-minimal intercostal incision between January 2015 to
January 2019 were included in this study. The children patients were
diagnosed with restrictive PmVSD based on clinical signs, transthoracic
echocardiography (TTE), electrocardiograms and X-rays.
The inclusion criteria were as follows: no obvious reduction of the size
of PmVSD,slow weight gain and loud heart murmurs; no or mild tricuspid
regurgitation(TR) without valvular heart disease; the distance between
the PmVSD upper rim and the aortic valve larger than 2 mm. The exclusion
criteria were as follows: non-restrictive VSD; malalignment-type VSD;
valve abnormality that require surgical repair; severe pulmonary
hypertension and other heart diseases; other surgical contraindications.
Informed consent was obtained from all the guardians of the patients.