Statistical Analysis
Mean ± standard deviation and numbers (percentages) summarized continuous and categorical variables, respectively, for baseline characteristics measurements. Mean ± standard deviation are presented for echocardiographic parameters through pregnancy. Echocardiographic parameters averaged for the 2nd/3rdtrimester values were compared for cases vs. controls with one way ANOVA analysis. Overall trend of echocardiographic parameters over the course of pregnancy was determined by mixed effects regression analysis for the cases.