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\begin{document}

\title{Carotenoid and tocopherol fortification of zucchini fruits using a viral
RNA vector}



\author[1]{Fakhreddine Houhou}%
\author[1]{Teresa Cordero}%
\author[1]{Verónica Aragonés}%
\author[1]{Maricarmen Martí}%
\author[2]{Jaime Cebolla-Cornejo}%
\author[2]{Ana Pérez de Castro}%
\author[1]{Manuel Rodríguez-Concepción}%
\author[2]{Belén Picó}%
\author[3]{José-Antonio Daròs}%
\affil[1]{IBMCP (CSIC-UPV), Valencia, Spain}%
\affil[2]{COMAV, UPV, Valencia, Spain}%
\affil[3]{Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)}%


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  \date{May 24, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Carotenoids and tocopherols are health-promoting metabolites in
livestock and human diets. Some important crops have been genetically
modified to increase their content. Although the usefulness of
transgenic plants to alleviate nutritional deficiencies is obvious,
their social acceptance has been controversial. Here, we demonstrate an
alternative biotechnological strategy for carotenoid and tocopherol
fortification of edible fruits in which no transgenic DNA is involved. A
viral RNA vector derived from Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) was
modified to express a bacterial phytoene synthase (crtB), and inoculated
in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) leaves nurturing pollinated flowers.
After the viral vector moved to the developing fruit and expressed crtB,
the rind and flesh of the fruits developed yellow-orange rather than
green color. Metabolite analyses showed a substantial enrichment in
health-promoting carotenoids, such as \selectlanguage{greek}α- \selectlanguage{english}and \selectlanguage{greek}β-\selectlanguage{english}carotene (pro-vitamin A),
lutein and phytoene, in both rind and flesh. Considerably higher
accumulation of \selectlanguage{greek}α- \selectlanguage{english}and \selectlanguage{greek}γ-\selectlanguage{english}tocopherol was also detected, particularly in
fruit rind. Although this strategy is perhaps not free from controversy
due to the use of genetically modified viral RNA, our work does
demonstrate the possibility of metabolically fortifying edible fruits
using an approach in which no transgenes are involved.%
\end{abstract}%



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\verb`2021-06-25 Carotenoid tocopherol fortification.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/424151/articles/529310-carotenoid-and-tocopherol-fortification-of-zucchini-fruits-using-a-viral-rna-vector}

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