1. |
Gerlis LM and Ho SY et al18
|
1989 |
5 years 11
months/F |
Case 1 (Necropsy): Died of cerebral ischemia-postop TOF.
Postmortem-TOF, several large MAPCAs, RAA, retroaortic BCV joining RSVC
below azygous vein above the right superior cavoatrial junction |
Postoperative TOF |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
|
|
|
Male infant |
Case 2 (Necropsy): Died of complex cardiac
malformation. PM examination: concordant AV connection, DORV, VSD,
destroposed aorta, PAD, retroaortic BCV anterior to the arterial duct
between the arch and pulmonary trunk, joined RSVC between azygous vein
and right atrium |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not
applicable |
|
|
|
7 week/F |
Case 3 (Necropsy): Died attempted surgical
correction-common arterial trunk. Concordant AV connection, subtruncal
VSD, quadricuspid truncal valve, retroaortic BCV below the aortic arch,
joined below the azygous vein |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not
applicable |
2. |
Kerschner L et al7
|
1988 |
? child, ? sex |
Necropsy, relation to arterial duct ?, left aortic arch, no associated
anomalies |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not
applicable |
3. |
Daser P et al39
|
1902 |
68 years/M |
Necropsy,
anterior to arterial duct, left aortic arch, no associated anomalies |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
4. |
Ghon A et al64
|
1908 |
4½ months/F |
Necropsy,
posterior to arterial duct, right aortic arch, absent
4th aortic arch, isolated LSA |
Not applicable |
Not
applicable |
Not applicable |
5. |
Nutzel H et al40
|
1914 |
74 years/M |
Necropsy,
left aortic arch, right superior pulmonary vein to RSVC |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
6. |
Martin CP et al65
|
1931 |
17 years/M |
Necropsy,
right aortic arch, anterior to arterial duct, TOF |
Not applicable |
Not
applicable |
Not applicable |
7. |
Walter L et al41
|
1931 |
19 years/M |
Necropsy,
anterior to arterial duct, left aortic arch, subthyroid venous
anastomosis |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not
applicable |
8. |
Adachi B et al‑37
|
1933 |
41 years/M |
Necropsy,
posterior to arterial duct, left aortic arch, no associated anomalies |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
9. |
Adachi B et al37
|
1933 |
20 years/M |
Necropsy,
anterior to arterial duct, left aortic arch, no associated anomalies |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
10. |
Friedman SM et al42
|
1945 |
66 years/M |
Necropsy, anterior to arterial duct, left aortic arch, left jugular vein
anomaly |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not
applicable |
11. |
Roberts JR et al1
|
1951 |
7 years/F |
Angio
done, BCV located subpulmonary, left aortic arch, no associated
anomalies |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not
applicable |
12. |
Sherman FE et al38
|
1963 |
? |
Necropsy,
anterior to arterial duct, left aortic arch, pulmonary atresia, VSD |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
13. |
Sherman FE et al38
|
1963 |
? |
Necropsy,
anterior to arterial duct, left aortic arch, pulmonary atresia, VSD |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
14. |
Yoshida Y et al63
|
1975 |
68 years/M |
Necropsy, anterior to arterial duct, left aortic arch, no associated
anomalies |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not
applicable |
15. |
Kitamura S et al66
|
1981 |
69 years/M |
Necropsy, anterior to arterial duct, left aortic arch, no associated
anomalies |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not
applicable |
16. |
Cloez JL et al8
|
1982 |
1½ year/M |
Echo+Angio,
left aortic arch, TOF |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not
mentioned |
17. |
Smallhorn JE et al19
|
1985 |
7 patients |
Right
aortic arch (6), left aortic arch (1), RVOT anomalies, “frequent:
intracardiac anomalies (6), VSDs?, central pulmonary arteries absent (1) |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
18.
|
Townsend MD et al13
|
2008
|
9 years/F
|
Echo+Cath+Angio
Diagnosis: day 8 bicuspid aortic valve, AP window repaired under DHCA,
no mention of retroaortic BCV, persistent systemic arterial
desaturation
9 years- hospitalized ventilated, +ve pressure, with nitric oxide.
TTE- suprasystemic RVSP, CT-angio- posterior pulmonary venous drainage
with a confluence draining in the LA. LSVC connected to LA appendage-
LA roof junction, retroaortic BCV connected to LSVC and drained to
SVC-RA junction. Saline contrast echo- bubble in LA and RA
|
A 5 cm long window like communication between LSVC and LAA to extend to
the roof of the LA; biatrial drainage of retroaortic BCV- direct suture
closed of the window
|
Unremarkable, SaO2 normalized.
|
Not mentioned
|
19. |
Towbin JA et al12
|
1987 |
18 months/M |
Echo-
TOF, high ASD, absent hepatic portion of IVC with azygous continuation,
LA isomerism, RAA, retroaortic BCV (contrast echo with left hand
injection), confirmed the diagnosis |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
20. |
Walsh R et al29
|
2017 |
5 years/M |
Cardiology
evaluation of a murmur. Echo- double aortic arch. MRI- evaluation of
vascular ring and airway compression, left dominant double aortic arch
with a retroaortic BCV. No airway compression |
Conservative management |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
21. |
Morhy Borges Leal S23
|
2002 |
9 months/F |
Diagnosis- Echo, TOF+PS, right aortic arch, no associated anomalies,
retroaortic BCV |
Done |
Survived |
Not mentioned |
|
|
|
1 year 3 months/M |
Echo, TOF+PS, right aortic arch, no associated
anomalies, retroaortic BCV |
Done |
Not mentioned |
Not
mentioned |
|
|
|
2 years 1 month/F |
Echo, TOF+PS, left aortic arch, no associated
anomalies, , retroaortic BCV |
Surgery done |
Not mentioned |
Not
mentioned |
|
|
|
7 years 5 months/F |
Echo, TOF, PA atresia, right aortic arch,
absent LPA, hypoplastic RPA, MAPCA’s present, retroaortic BCV |
Surgery
done |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
|
|
|
1 year 1 month/F |
Echo, TOF+PS, left aortic arch, associated
supravalvar PS, retroaortic BCV |
Surgery done |
Not mentioned |
Not
mentioned |
|
|
|
7 years/F |
Echo, TOF+PS, right aortic arch, retroaortic BCV |
Surgery done |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
|
|
|
1 month/M |
Echo, TOF+PS, right aortic arch, retroaortic BCV |
Surgery done |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
|
|
|
8 months/F |
Necropsy, TAPVC, AVSD, DORV, right isomerism, left
aortic arch, Echo diagnosis |
Necropsy |
Not applicable |
Not
applicable |
|
|
|
20 years/M |
Echo, TOF, PS, right aortic arch, no associated
anomalies |
Surgery done |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
|
|
|
36 years/F |
Echo, ASD, PS, left aortic arch, no associated
anomalies |
Surgery done |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
|
|
|
18 years/F |
Echo, TOF, PS, left aortic arch |
Surgery done |
Not
mentioned |
Not mentioned |
|
|
|
8 months/M |
Echo, TOF, PS, right aortic arch, |
Surgery done |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
|
|
|
15 years/F |
Echo, Normal heart, left aortic arch |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
Not applicable |
|
|
|
1 month/F |
Echo+ angio, TOF pulmonary atresia, left aortic arch,
no associated anomalies |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not
mentioned |
22. |
Ming Z et al35
|
2009 |
4 months/M |
Pulmonary
atresia, VSD, PAD, ASD, right aortic arch, right tracheal bronchus,
CT-angio, mild compression of the esophagus by retroesophageal left BCV, |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
|
|
|
6 months/M |
Echo, VSD, CT angio- retroesophageal BCV |
Not
mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
|
|
|
6 days/F |
Pulmonary atresia, VSD, PAD, left aortic arch,
CT-angio,retroesophageal left BCV |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not
mentioned |
|
|
|
6 months/F |
VSD, PAD, CT angio, retroaortic BCV divided into two
branches. Anterior and thinner branch was located above the aortic arch,
drained into SVC; posterior thicker branch routed posterior to esophagus
and joined the azygous vein before draining to RSVC |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
23. |
Kim HJ et al28
|
1994 |
61 years/F |
Sudden
retrosternal pain, CXR- prominent aorta, mild widening of superior
mediastinum, CT- highly enhancing venous structure lateral to aortic
arch. The retroaortic BCV joined RSVC below the azygous vein;
venography- confirmed the CT findings. Diagnosis of chronic liver
disease |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
|
|
|
46 years/M |
CXR- widened superior mediastinum, CT- retroaortic
BCV. The vein abruptly changes its course medially at the level of APW,
continued between aortic arch and lower trachea joined RSVC below
azygous vein |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not
mentioned |
24. |
Elami A et al57
|
1985 |
6 years/F |
Cyanosed
TOF, CXR- classical TOF, Echo- TOF, RVOT infundibular gradient 97mmHg,
absent pulmonary valve, confluent PA, RAA with mirror image branching,
juxtaductal COA gradient 48 mmHg, PFO, retroaortic BCV, cath angio
confirmed the diagnosis |
Right thoracotomy extended resection end to
end eanastomosis; 2 months later, ICR-TOF |
Survived |
At 12 months
asymptomatic |
25. |
Mill MR et al2
|
1993 |
3 days/M |
IAA, APW, VSD
anomalous RSA from the DTA, retroaortic BCV |
Not mentioned |
Not
mentioned |
Not mentioned |
|
|
|
50 months/F |
TOF, right aortic arch, PFO, retroaortic BCV |
Not
mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
|
|
|
6 months/F |
TOF, right aortic arch, ASD, LSVC, retroaortic BCV |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
|
|
|
25 months/M |
TOF, right aortic arch, Cornelia de Lange syndrome,
retroaortic BCV |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not
mentioned |
|
|
|
19 months/F |
TOF, right aortic arch, Trisomy 21, retroaortic BCV |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
|
|
|
55 months/M |
TOF, right aortic arch, PFO, retroaortic BCV |
Not
mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
|
|
|
24 months/M |
TOF, right aortic arch, retroaortic BCV |
Not
mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
26. |
Amerasekera SSH, McGurk SP69
|
2009 |
30 years/M |
MRI, structurally normal heart, retroaortic BCV |
Not mentioned |
Not
mentioned |
Not mentioned |
27. |
Fujimoto K et al10
|
1992 |
54 years/F |
CXR-
“bucking” of the aortic arch, suggestive of aortic aneurysm, MRI-
anomalous left BCV |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not
mentioned |
28. |
Curtil A et al77
|
1999 |
N=25 patients |
TOF,
right aortic arch (19, 70%), ultrasonographic diagnosis (19, 70%),
during surgery diagnosis established (6, 22%), associated
cardiomyopathy (5), malformational syndromes (2), retroesophageal
subclavian artery (2), Di-Georges syndrome (1) |
One stage ICR (13),
systemic pulmonary shuntICR (10), not operated (2) |
Not mentioned |
Not
mentioned |
29. |
Kitamura S et al66
|
1981 |
69 years/M |
Necropsy study- retroaortic left BCV (diameter 13mm, length 7.9 cm),
right SVC (diameter 15mm, length 6.7 cm) |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
30.
|
Chen SJ et al78
|
2005
|
N=30 patients
(18 males)
|
Age: 13 days-36 years, median 1 year 7 months, left anomalous BCV (27),
right anomalous BCV (1), anomalous BCV bridging between bilateral SVC
(2), TOF (23), RAI (4), ASD (1), VSD (1), DORV (1), RAA (21), TOF with P
atresia (10), no LSVC
|
Not mentioned
|
Not mentioned
|
Not mentioned
|
31. |
Semionov A, Kosiu KJ et al33
|
2017 |
48 years/F |
Diagnosis- carcinoma colon, no CHD, no vascular anomaly, contrast CT-
normal heart and great vessels, retroaortic BCV |
Not mentioned |
Not
mentioned |
Not mentioned |
32. |
Kwon OH et al47
|
2014 |
72 years/M |
Evaluation
of incidental lung mass on CXR, CT chest- evaluation of pulmonary
nodule, double left BCV and PLSVC, left BCV – anterior branch, normally
placed left BCV; posterior branch below the aortic arch, drained in
RSVC, PLSVC- connected to A via coronary sinus |
Right middle lobectomy
for squamous cell carcinoma |
Survived |
Not mentioned |
33. |
Shaffer EW |
1986 |
3 years/F |
Evaluation of murmur, cyanosis,
hypoxic spell at 5 months age, Cath- TOF, RAA, mirror image branching,
left BT shunt at 5 months age, repeat cath, Echo- diagnosis confirmed,
retroaortic BCV |
Intracardiac repair |
Not mentioned |
Not
mentioned |
34. |
Kulkarni S et al24
|
2008 |
0.4 years/M |
Mitral
atresia, hypoplastic LV, DORV, LAA, VSD, PS, normal pulmonary atresia,
retroaortic BCV |
Surgery done |
Not mentioned |
Not
mentioned |
|
|
|
0.8 years/F |
TOF, RAA, normal pulmonary arteries, retroaortic BCV |
Surgery done |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
|
|
|
1.5 years/M |
TOF, RAA, retroaortic BCV |
Surgery done |
Not
mentioned |
Not mentioned |
|
|
|
16 years/F |
TOF, RAA, pulmonary atresia, retroaortic BCV |
Surgery done |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
|
|
|
1.5 years/M |
TOF, PA, post BT shunt, pulmonary atresia,
retroaortic BCV |
Surgery done |
Not mentioned |
Not
mentioned |
|
|
|
1.5 years/M |
TOF, RAA, pulmonary artery normal, retroaortic BCV |
Surgery done |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
|
|
|
0.4 years/F |
TOF, severe PS, post BT shunt, RAA, retroaortic BCV |
Surgery done |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
|
|
|
0.1 years/M |
TOF, sevre PS, RAA, retroaortic BCV |
Surgery done |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
35. |
Yigit AE et al31
|
|
15 years/M |
Recurrent lung
infection, CXR- mediastinal widening, CT angio – retroaortic BCV,
divided into 2 branches at thoracic inlet. Anterior and thinner branch-
above the aortic arch, anterior to CA then passed between the
brachiocephalic trunk, and LCCA- ten joined SVC, posterior thicker
branch- coursed posterior to trachea + esophagus joined the azygous vein
at the level of T2 and finally to RSVC, no cardiovascular anomaly. |
Not
mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
36. |
Shim MS et al46
|
2010 |
53 years/M |
Chest wall
pain, CT- lung carcinoma, RUL, retroaortic BCV divided into two branches
at the level of aortic arch. Anterior branch- above the aortic arch
coursed anterior to the LCCA and BCA- joined SVC, posterior branch below
the aortic arch, posterior to ascending aorta, both joined RSVC
separately, no cardiovascular anomaly |
Refused treatment |
Not
applicable |
Not applicable |
37. |
Topcuoglu OM et al45
|
2014 |
62 years/M |
HIV
infection with cold, contrast CT- double left BCV, anterior vein
normally located, posterior vein thinner, accessory branch coursing
posterior to the aortic arch, anterior vein joined RSVC, accessory vein
joined superior to azygous vein, diameter LBCV 12.5mm, accessory BCV 2.2
mm, RBCV 13mm |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not
mentioned |
38. |
Takada Y et al17
|
1992 |
6 patients M / 2
patients F |
Mean age 35.7 years (range 14-58 years), CT- retroaortic
BCV (6), double BCV (2), associated CHD (2), MRI same findings |
Not
mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
39. |
Khoury NJ et al22
|
2008 |
53 years/M |
Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, interscapular pain, MR angio+CT angio-
high distal aortic arch, descending portion of the high arch- narrower
in caliber for 6 cm, ascending portion- dilated, pseudocoarctation
aorta, retroaortic BCV |
Not mentioned |
Not mentioned |
Not
mentioned |
40. |
Bartoli JM et al55
|
|
42 years/M |
Known case
of AR for 30 years, CXR LVE aortography- grade IV AR, high aortic arch,
CT- high aortic arch dilated at the origin of LSA, retroaortic BCV,
pseudocoarctation aorta |
AVR bioprosthetic (CE bio 27mm) |
Not
mentioned |
Not mentioned |
41. |
Subirana MI et al43
|
1986 |
23 years/F |
Cyanotic CHD- evaluation, Echo, DORV, straddling tricuspid valve, 2
large VSDs, angio double left BCV above + below the aortic arch |
Left
modified BT shunt |
Survived |
Not mentioned |
42. |
Koutlas TC et al56
|
1998 |
2 years |
Diagnosis
after birth- tricuspid atresia, VSD, normally related great arteries,
mild deviation infundibular septum, hypoplastic RV. BAS – PA banding at
3 weeks age, Cath at 2 years- non-distorted branch PAS, mean pressure 12
mmHg, QP:QS 0.9:1, PVR 2 woods unit. Retroaortic BCV passed between LPA
(anterior) and left main bronchus (posterior), 1.5 cm below the carina-
compression of the left BCV between LPA and left main bronchus |
CPB,
circulatory arrest at 18°C, left cavopulmonary anastomosis, end to side
LPA. MPA divided distal to PAB. Hemi Fontan type right cavopulmonary
connection, proximal MPA to aorta anastomosis like DKS, 1 year later-
fenestrated lateral tunnel Fontan |
Survived |
Not
mentioned |
43. |
Agarwal R et al‑74 |
2006 |
1 year 5 months |
Diagnosis- tricuspid
atresia, pulmonary atresia, RAA, retroaortic anomalous BCV. Day 1- LMBT,
6 months- Aorta, RPA (central shunt), 9 months- blocked central shunt,
narrowed LMBT, stenting of the narrowed PAD, 1 year 5 months- narrowed
LMBT, narrowed stended ductus, parallel course of the retroaortic BCV |
Bi-directional Glenn, PA reconstruction. Aorta was transected for
unimpeded visualization |
Survived |
Asymptomatic, SaO2
87% |
44. |
Konstantinov EI et al5
|
2003 |
New born/F |
Weight 3.12 kg. Echo- COA, unrestrictive VSD, posterior malalignment
outlet septum, subaortic stenosis, restrictive PFO, almost closed
ductus, bicuspid aortic valve, good ventricular function, aortic annulus
0.5 cm, pulmonary annulus 1.1 cm, tricuspid annulus 1.2 cm, ascending
aorta proximal to LCA 0.45 cm, juxtaductal COA, retroaortic BCV, PGE1
0.05 µg/kg/min. |
CPB- bicaval cannulation, cooled to 25°C, cardioplegic
arrest, PAD ligated, circulatory arrest for 25 min, ascending aorta
transected – BCV transposed in front of ascending aorta, hypoplastic
aorta ligated distal to LSA- ascending aorta continuity restored by a
“semilunar anastomosis, descending aorta to ascending aorta anastomosis |
Survived |
Discharged home on 10th postoperative
day |
45. |
Nakamura Y et al32
|
2006 |
70 year/M |
Diagnosis- post aortic left innominate vein, distal aortic arch aneurysm |
Total arch replacement, antegrade cerebral perfusion at 20°C |
Survived |
Not mentioned |
46. |
Lim ZN et al75
|
2018 |
3 month/F |
Echo, CHD,
cyanosis, TOF, RAA, retroaortic BCV |
CPB, intracardiac repair |
Survived |
At 2 months, asymptomatic |
47. |
Chu MW et al56
|
2007 |
4 weeks neonate |
Echo,
MR angio, respiratory distress, interrupted aortic arch, aberrant left
subclavian artery, VSD, retroaortic BCV |
CPB, VSD closure- Gortex
patch, restoration of aortic continuity |
Survived |
At 3 months,
asymptomatic |
48. |
Kawara T et al48
|
2003 |
3 months/M |
Cath,
angio, Tricuspid atresia, anomalous BCV, RVOTO, VSD, pulmonary stenosis,
left aortic arch |
Bilateral bidirectional Glenn without CPB |
Survived |
At 2 years awaiting completion Fontan |