Validation Group (n=10) Feasibility
Group (n=20)
p-value
Age (years) , mean ± SD 78 ± 9 74 ± 16 0.6592
Female gender, n(%) 5 (50) 8 (40) 0.602
BMI (kg/m2) , mean ± SD 27 ± 5 28 ± 4 0.7084
Pacing indication
Bradycardia, n(%) 8 (80) 17 (85) 0.729
AVB II / III, n(%) 2 (20) / 3 (30) 2 (10) / 8 (40) 0.536
Heartfailure, n(%) 2 (20) 6 (30) 0.559
ECG characteristics
Sinus rhythm, n(%) 6 (60) 12 (60) 1.000
Atrial fibrillation, n(%) 4 (40) 8 (40) 1.000
PR interval (ms), median[IQR] 198 [177-360] 226 [175-246] 0.6236
QRSd (ms), mean ± SD 126 ± 38 134 ± 41 0.6440
LBBB, n(%) 1 (10) 5 (25) 0.393
RBBB, n(%) 2 (20) 6 (30) 0.559
Echocardiographic parameters
LVEF (%), mean ± SD 52 ± 13 54 ± 15 0.8079
LADplax (mm), mean ± SD 45 ± 5 44 ± 7 0.9186
IVSd (mm), mean ± SD 11 ±2 11 ± 2 0.7060
Procedural characteristics
Successful implantation, n(%) 10 (100) 20 (100)
Implantation attempts, mean ± SD 2 ± 1 1 ± 0 0.1448
Procedure time (min), mean ± SD 87 ± 39 68 ± 29 0.2334
Fluoroscopy time (sec), median[IQR] 8 [3-17] 4 [2-7] 0.2050
DAP (mGycm2) 3110 ± 1587 2793 ± 4078 0.1405
Final parameters
Implant depth (mm), median[IQR] 14.4 [11.8-14.8] 15 [11.8-15] 0.1788
Bipolar Pacing Threshold (V)* 1.2 ± 0.4 0.8 ± 0.4 0.0253
Sensing (mV), median[IQR] 10 [7-14] 7 [5-10] 0.0615
Impedance (Ohm), mean ± SD 645 ± 74 624 ± 101 0.4339
LBB potential, n(%) 6 (60) 7 (35) 0.193
pQRSd (ms), median[IQR] 116 [110-136] 1120 [113-144] 0.4018
pLVAT (ms), median[IQR] 87 [72-100] 73 [69-80] 0.0577
LBB capture
Non-selective, n(%) 4 (40) 6 (30) 0.770
Selective, n (%) 6 (60) 14 (70) 0.584