Characteristic Total (n=598) No prenatal ASM exposure (n=503) Prenatal ASM exposure (n=95)
n (%) n (%) n (%)
Age at enrollment (months), median (IQR) 3 (2-6) 3 (2-6) 3 (2-6)
Sex
Male 352 (59) 296 (59) 56 (59)
Female 246 (41) 207 (41) 39 (41)
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic 252 (42) 194 (39) 58 (61)
Black, non-Hispanic 140 (23) 123 (25) 17 (18)
Hispanic 187 (31) 169 (34) 18 (19)
Other 19 (3) 17 (3) 2 (2)
Median household income by ZIP code Median household income by ZIP code Median household income by ZIP code
<$40,000 210 (35) 188 (37) 22 (23)
$40,000-$79,999 313 (52) 254 (51) 59 (62)
≥$80,000 75 (13) 61 (12) 14 (15)
Insurance
Private 243 (41) 184 (37) 59 (62)
Public or none 353 (59) 317 (63) 36 (38)
Maternal history of atopic conditions Maternal history of atopic conditions Maternal history of atopic conditions
Food allergy
No 523 (88) 447 (89) 76 (80)
Yes 72 (12) 53 (11) 19 (20)
Infancy
Atopic dermatitis during first year of life Atopic dermatitis during first year of life Atopic dermatitis during first year of life Atopic dermatitis during first year of life
No 466 (78) 393 (78) 73 (77)
Yes 132 (22) 110 (22) 22 (23)
Early childhood exam
Age at exam (months), median (IQR) 45 (41-51) 45 (41-51) 45 (40-54)
Geographic region*
Northeast 151 (25) 123 (25) 28 (30)
Midwest 59 (10) 42 (8) 17 (18)
South 244 (41) 205 (41) 39 (41)
West 144 (24) 133 (26) 11 (12)
Season of exam
Spring 172 (29) 147 (29) 25 (26)
Summer 131 (22) 109 (22) 22 (23)
Fall 165 (28) 143 (28) 22 (23)
Winter 130 (22) 104 (21) 26 (27)