Statistical analyses
Data were analysed using SPSS 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Descriptive data were expressed as means and standard deviations for
normally distributed data or medians with interquartile ranges for
non-normally distributed data. Chi-square tests were used for comparison
of categorical variables while Student’s t-test or Mann-WhitneyU- tests were used for continuous variables.
Placental lesions (frequencies and severity scores) were compared
between the low CVD risk and high CVD risk groups. The association
between individual placental lesions and lifetime CVD risk was assessed
using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Multivariable
logistic regression was used to develop prediction models for lifetime
CVD risk with placental data alone or in combination with clinical data.
Performance of the models were assessed using area under the receiver
operator characteristic (AUC ROC) curve analysis.