Surgical procedures
Surgical treatment was performed in patients with LUTS that did not
sufficiently improved after medical treatments or patients who wanted to
be surgically treated, after sufficient consideration regarding patient,
clinical characteristics and clinicians’ preference. In general, three
urologic surgeons who were experts on laser prostatectomy performed
these surgeries. Two experts performed HoLEP and one expert performed
PVP. The detailed surgical procedures have been previously reported.