Clinical assessment
Data on demographics and clinical characteristics were collected using standardized case report form and detailed were shown in the Online Data Supplement. Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) score15, and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) score16, were analyzed in all participants. In the validation set, asthma-related exacerbations in the 12 month follow-up were recorded according to the ATS/European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines 17