Figure Legends
Figure 1. Brown bears copulating in the Rusha area of the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan (Photo: Masami Yamanaka).
Figure 2. Map of the Shiretoko Peninsula, eastern Hokkaido, Japan. The dotted yellow line indicates the Shiretoko National Park. This map was created using QGIS version 3.4.7-Madeira (QGIS.org, 2022. QGIS Geographic Information System. QGIS Association. http://www.qgis.org) and edited by the author. The topographic features are based on Digital Topographic Map 1:25000 published by Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (available from   https://fgd.gsi.go.jp/download/mapGis.php?tab=dem,  accessed 18-May-2019). Administrative divisions were created by the National Land Numerical Information published by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism of Japan (available from https://nlftp.mlit.go.jp/ksj/index.html, accessed 21-Jul-2021). National park boundaries were created using GIS data for national parks published by Biodiversity Center, Ministry of the Environment (available from http://gis.biodic.go.jp/webgis/sc-026.html?kind=nps, 20-Jul-2021). The vegetation was created using the 1:25,000 GIS-based vegetation map ”Hokkaido” published by Biodiversity Center of Japan, Ministry of the Environment, Japan (available from http://gis.biodic.go.jp/webgis/sc-025.html?kind=vg67, 19-Jul-2021).
Figure 3. Changes in the cumulative number of unique bears counted as the minimum population in 2019. Bears identified visually or inferred by pedigree reconstruction were excluded from this analysis. Three females were counted as adults, not at the timing of first genetic identification, but when they were proven to be an adult (e.g., at a time when they were confirmed to be present with offspring).