Funding
This study was supported, in part, by an unconditional grant from Kyorin Pharmaceutical Inc.
References
1. Moyes CD, Clayton T, Pearce N, et al. Time trends and risk factors for rhinoconjunctivitis in New Zealand children: an International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) survey. J Paediatr Child Health. 2012;48(10):913-920.
2. Bjorksten B, Clayton T, Ellwood P, Stewart A, Strachan D, Group IPIS. Worldwide time trends for symptoms of rhinitis and conjunctivitis: Phase III of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood.Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2008;19(2):110-124.
3. Sasaki M, Morikawa E, Yoshida K, Adachi Y, Odajima H, Akasawa A. The change in the prevalence of wheeze, eczema and rhino-conjunctivitis among Japanese children: Findings from 3 nationwide cross-sectional surveys between 2005 and 2015. Allergy. 2019;74(8):1572-1575.
4. Sih T, Mion O. Allergic rhinitis in the child and associated comorbidities. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2010;21(1 Pt 2):e107-113.
5. Grossman J. One airway, one disease. Chest. 1997;111(2 Suppl):11S-16S.
6. Rochat MK, Illi S, Ege MJ, et al. Allergic rhinitis as a predictor for wheezing onset in school-aged children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126(6):1170-1175 e1172.
7. Burgess JA, Walters EH, Byrnes GB, et al. Childhood allergic rhinitis predicts asthma incidence and persistence to middle age: a longitudinal study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;120(4):863-869.
8. Asher MI, Montefort S, Bjorksten B, et al. Worldwide time trends in the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in childhood: ISAAC Phases One and Three repeat multicountry cross-sectional surveys. Lancet. 2006;368(9537):733-743.
9. Masuda S, Fujisawa T, Katsumata H, Atsuta J, Iguchi K. High prevalence and young onset of allergic rhinitis in children with bronchial asthma. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2008;19:517–522.
10. Herr M, Clarisse B, Nikasinovic L, et al. Does allergic rhinitis exist in infancy? Findings from the PARIS birth cohort. Allergy.2011;66(2):214-221.
11. Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen). Allergy. 2008;63 Suppl 86:8-160.
12. Okubo K, Kurono Y, Ichimura K, et al. Japanese guidelines for allergic rhinitis 2020. Allergol Int. 2020;69(3):331-345.
13. Nagao M, Borres MP, Sugimoto M, et al. Sensitization to secretoglobin and lipocalins in a group of young children with risk of developing respiratory allergy. Clin Mol Allergy. 2017;15:4.
14. Iwanaga T, Tohda Y. Importance of clinical epidemiology research in studies on respiratory diseases. Respir Investig.2013;51(4):217-223.
15. Arakawa H, Hamasaki Y, Kohno Y, et al. Japanese guidelines for childhood asthma 2017. Allergol Int. 2017;66(2):190-204.
16. Asher MI, Keil U, Anderson HR, et al. International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods. Eur Respir J. 1995;8(3):483-491.
17. Lee HS, Majima Y, Sakakura Y, Shinogi J, Kawaguchi S, Kim BW. Quantitative cytology of nasal secretions under various conditions.Laryngoscope. 1993;103(5):533-537.
18. Skoner DP. Allergic rhinitis: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, detection, and diagnosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;108(1 Suppl):S2-8.
19. Okubo K, Kurono Y, Ichimura K, et al. Japanese guidelines for allergic rhinitis 2017. Allergol Int. 2017;66(2):205-219.
20. Ebisawa M, Ito K, Fujisawa T. Japanese guidelines for food allergy 2017. Allergol Int. 2017;66(2):248-264.
21. Osawa Y, Suzuki D, Ito Y, et al. Prevalence of inhaled antigen sensitization and nasal eosinophils in Japanese children under two years old. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;76(2):189-193.
22. Zeiger RS, Heller S. Development of nasal basophilic cells and nasal eosinophils from age 4 months through 4 years in children of atopic parents. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1993;91(3):723-734.
23. Keil T, Bockelbrink A, Reich A, et al. The natural history of allergic rhinitis in childhood. Pediatr Allergy Immunol.2010;21(6):962-969.
24. Ciprandi G, Tosca MA. House dust mites-driven allergic rhinitis: could its natural history be modified? Expert Rev Clin Immunol.2021;17(2):109-114.
25. Papadopoulos NG, Aggelides X, Stamataki S, Prokopakis E, Katotomichelakis M, Xepapadaki P. New concepts in pediatric rhinitis.Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2021;32(4):635-646.
26. Jankowski R, Persoons M, Foliguet B, Coffinet L, Thomas C, Verient-Montaut B. Eosinophil count in nasal secretions of subjects with and without nasal symptoms. Rhinology. 2000;38(1):23-32.
27. Miri S, Farid R, Akbari H, Amin R. Prevalence of allergic rhinitis and nasal smear eosinophilia in 11- to 15 yr-old children in Shiraz.Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2006;17(7):519-523.
28. Otsuka H, Otsuka K, Matsune S, Okubo K. Assessing the onset of allergic rhinitis by nasal cytology and immunoglobulin E antibody levels in children. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2018;32(1):16-22.
29. Pinart M, Benet M, Annesi-Maesano I, et al. Comorbidity of eczema, rhinitis, and asthma in IgE-sensitised and non-IgE-sensitised children in MeDALL: a population-based cohort study. Lancet Respir Med.2014;2(2):131-140.