Estimation of the confidence intervals
We obtained the 95% confidence intervals (CI) for medically- and non-medically attended respiratory viruses-associated illness using bootstrap resampling over 1,000 replications for all parameters included in the calculations [18]. This included (i) the age- and year-specific ILI or SRI rates in the base provinces (data source 1), (ii) the provincial prevalence of the risk factors for pneumonia from the DHS (data source 3), (iii) the provincial proportion of ARI cases seeking care from the DHS (data source 3), (iv) the age-specific respiratory viruses detection rate among ILI or SRI cases tested (data source 1), (v) the estimated AF for each virus and (vi) the estimated proportion of individuals seeking care from the HUS (data source 2). The lower and upper limits of the 95% CI were the 2.5thand 97.5th percentiles of the estimated values obtained from the 1,000 resampled datasets, respectively.