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Physical properties and processing of Silphium integrifolium seeds to obtain oil and enriched protein meal
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  • Roque Evangelista,
  • Mila Hojilla-Evangelista,
  • Steven Cermak,
  • David Van Tassel
Roque Evangelista
NCAUR-ARS-USDA

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Mila Hojilla-Evangelista
USDA-ARS-NCAUR
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Steven Cermak
USDA, ARS, NCAUR
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David Van Tassel
The Land Institute
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Abstract

Silphium integrifolium Michx. (Silflower) has been a promising subject for domestication as a perennial oilseed crop. This work was carried out to investigate the seed processing aspect of this effort. Selected physical properties of the seed were evaluated, seed milling to obtain enriched kernel fraction was conducted, and initial characterization of the seed protein was performed. There was wide variation in flat seed length (11.54 to 20.75 mm), width (4.61 to 11.76 mm), and thickness (0.92 to 1.63 mm). The thousand seed weight was 23.8 g but the tapped bulk density was only 189.58 g/L due to the presence of wing around the seed’s periphery. The kernel accounted for 56.14% of the seed weight and contained 31.00% oil. An enriched kernel fraction with 79.6% purity was obtained by roller-milling, sifting, and air classification. Linoleic (62.3%) and oleic (19.62%) acids were the major fatty acids in the oil. The defatted enriched kernel fraction contained 63.41% crude protein. Globulin, glutelin, albumin, and prolamin accounted for 55.63%, 19.28%, 16.38%, and 8.71% of the soluble proteins, respectively. At an extraction pH of 9, protein solubility was 62%. Maximum solubility (70%) was obtained at pH 10 while minimum solubility of 9% occurred between pH 4 and 5.5. Aside from the oil, the dehulling of silflower seeds also produced a high-protein defatted meal, which may be used as is or as a starting material for enriching the protein further into a protein isolate.
20 Sep 2021Submitted to Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society
20 Sep 2021Submission Checks Completed
20 Sep 2021Assigned to Editor
14 Oct 2021Reviewer(s) Assigned
28 Nov 2021Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
08 Mar 2022Editorial Decision: Revise Major
31 Jul 20221st Revision Received
01 Aug 2022Assigned to Editor
01 Aug 2022Submission Checks Completed
02 Aug 2022Reviewer(s) Assigned
17 Oct 2022Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
18 Oct 20222nd Revision Received
18 Oct 2022Assigned to Editor
18 Oct 2022Submission Checks Completed
18 Oct 2022Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
24 Oct 2022Editorial Decision: Accept
Jan 2023Published in Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society volume 100 issue 1 on pages 81-89. 10.1002/aocs.12660