Discussion

The catastrophic decline of pollinators and other insects calls for a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms to provide measures for nature conservation and mitigate losses of ecosystem services. In this study, we showed that two important pollinator guilds of Central Europe responded differently to parameters of land-use intensification and at different spatial scales. Further, our study indicates that functional diversity of flower traits as a measure for habitat quality seems to have no particular positive effect on pollinators, highlighting the role of landscape processes to maintain pollinator diversity.