5 | Conclusion
The spread and impact of existing and emerging infectious diseases is expected to intensify as a result of ongoing land use change, climate effects and anthropogenic vectors (Daszak et al. 2001; Tompkinset al. 2015; Price et al. 2019). Disease responses in individual species have the potential to influence wider patterns of biodiversity, ecosystem function, human health and agriculture, particularly those of high functional or economic importance (Daszaket al. 2001; Wiethoelter et al. 2015; Cunningham et al. 2017). Consequently, understanding the ability of such species to adapt to infectious disease is becoming increasingly important. While it has been proposed that selection in some species may fail to keep pace with rates of pathogen evolution and the emergence and turn-over of novel diseases (Hawley et al. 2013; Ujvari et al. 2014), our study demonstrates that rapid evolutionary responses within a single generation are possible. This study highlights the value of genome scans for identifying signatures of adaptation among natural populations spanning infection gradients and characterising putative genes that contribute to disease resistant phenotypes. Future studies of this nature will be critical for understanding the adaptability of other species threatened by infectious diseases, informing the management new outbreaks, and future proofing populations with little or no resistance.