Innovation is a vital scientific activity for improvement of human production, quality of life and economic development in the globe. This review aims to discuss innovative strategies for a series of challenges of public health and sustainable growth as well as human diseases. Currently, there are huge challenges of public health due to both major viral infectious diseases (such as HIV infection and Covid-19) and major non-communicable diseases (such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer), as well as aging, climate change, industrialization, and urbanization. These challenges and risks greatly affect modern economic and social development not only in China but also in the globe. Herein, we should “know more, do better, and be smarter” about related knowledge and information, “reject misinformation and accept uncertainty”, and further understand the important roles of policies and laws as agents (PLA) in fighting against the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and its major variants, and effectively halting climate change for global health and sustainable growth. All in all, these innovative strategies and experiences in combating Covid-19 infection and climate change will help to get better economic and social development as well as sustainable growth in the countries worldwide, in particular the Covid-19 pandemic and post-COVID-19 era.