State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
It was developed by Spielberg et al. in 1970 in order to measure the trait and state anxiety levels of individuals and adapted to Turkish by Öner and Le Compte (1983).19 State-Trait Anxiety Inventory includes a total of forty items which are the State Anxiety Scale consisting of 20 items and the Trait Anxiety Scale consisting of 20 items. The State Anxiety Sub-Scale (STAI-S) requires the individuals to describe how they feel at a certain time and under certain conditions while the Trait Anxiety Sub-Scale (STAI-T) requires the individuals to describe how they feel in general. In the State Anxiety Scale, the response choices collected in four classes are (1) Not at all, (2) somewhat, (3) Moderately so, and (4) Very much so while the response choices for Trait Anxiety Scale are (1) Almost never, (2) Sometimes, (3) Often and (4) Almost always. The scores obtained from the scales theoretically vary between 20 and 80. High score indicates high level of anxiety while low score indicates low level of anxiety. Reliability coefficient of the scale was found between 0.94 and 0.96 for the ”State Anxiety Scale” and between 0.83 and 0.87 for the ”Trait Anxiety Scale”. Based on these data, it is understood that Turkish scales have high item homogeneity and internal consistency.20,21 For this study, Cronbach alpha coefficients for state and trait anxiety subscales were found to be 0.90 and 0.85, respectively.