State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
It was developed by Spielberg et al. in 1970 in order to measure the
trait and state anxiety levels of individuals and adapted to Turkish by
Öner and Le Compte (1983).19 State-Trait Anxiety
Inventory includes a total of forty items which are the State Anxiety
Scale consisting of 20 items and the Trait Anxiety Scale consisting of
20 items. The State Anxiety Sub-Scale (STAI-S) requires the individuals
to describe how they feel at a certain time and under certain conditions
while the Trait Anxiety Sub-Scale (STAI-T) requires the individuals to
describe how they feel in general. In the State Anxiety Scale, the
response choices collected in four classes are (1) Not at all, (2)
somewhat, (3) Moderately so, and (4) Very much so while the response
choices for Trait Anxiety Scale are (1) Almost never, (2) Sometimes, (3)
Often and (4) Almost always. The scores obtained from the scales
theoretically vary between 20 and 80. High score indicates high level of
anxiety while low score indicates low level of anxiety. Reliability
coefficient of the scale was found between 0.94 and 0.96 for the ”State
Anxiety Scale” and between 0.83 and 0.87 for the ”Trait Anxiety Scale”.
Based on these data, it is understood that Turkish scales have high item
homogeneity and internal consistency.20,21 For this
study, Cronbach alpha coefficients for state and trait anxiety subscales
were found to be 0.90 and 0.85, respectively.