Introduction
From 2003 to 2014, 27 countries of the EU/EEA have reported that 83% of tuberculosis patients had pulmonary infection only and 17% of tuberculosis patients had extrapulmonary infections1. The risk of extrapulmonary tuberculosis increases higher compared with pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with HIV2. It is estimated a total of 208,000 deaths from tuberculosis among HIV-positive individuals. In 2019, Indonesia had a tuberculosis burden of 8.5%3.
The most common location of head and neck tuberculosis is cervical lymph nodes4. Lymph nodes tuberculosis is common in children and women. Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis is often found along with the increasing incidence of HIV infection5.
Neurological involvement is reported in 3% of extrapulmonary tuberculosis infections1. Central nervous system tuberculosis usually appears as tuberculous meningitis, tuberculous brain abscess, or intracranial tuberculoma6. Its manifestation as encephalopathy is rare and reported more common in children7. We report a case of encephalitis associated with cervical lymph nodes tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection.