Statistical analysis
Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 17.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL) and MedCalc version 11.0.1.0 (MedCalc Software, Mariakerke, Belgium). A P value<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Continuous variables are expressed as mean±standard deviation (SD) and categorical variables as numbers or percentages. All data were first analyzed to assess the normality of their distribution using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Paired sample t tests were used for comparisons of measurements between 3D ASD models and 2D-TEE images, 3D ASD models and 3D-TEE images. A Bland-Altman analysis in MedCalc statistical software was performed for investigate consistency of the ASD size parameters measured between 3D models and 3D-TEE images, as well as measurements between 3D models and 2D-TEE images. Correlations between the size of ASD occluder applied intraoperative and the ASD parameters measured from 3D printed ASD models were determined by linear regression analysis. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement were analyzed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), a p values below 0.05 were considered statistical significance.