Clinical characteristics of the study population according to maternal ESBL-E vaginal colonization
We also compared the maternal baseline characteristics according to ESBL-E vaginal colonization (Table 3). During the study period, 64 patients (4.4%) were confirmed to be positive for ESBL-E based on the vaginal culture findings. As shown in Table 3, the rates of IVF-embryo transfer pregnancy, IIOC, and cerclage before admission were significantly higher in the ESBL-E-positive group. In addition, the rate of antibiotic treatment before vaginal culture was significantly higher in the ESBL-E-positive group than in the ESBL-E-negative group (43.8% vs 15.0%, P < 0.001). The gestational age at admission was significantly lower in the ESBL-E-positive group than in the ESBL-E-negative group. We compared the duration of antibiotic use in 238 patients who used antibiotics before vaginal culture according to ESBL-E vaginal colonization. The median duration of antibiotic treatment was significantly longer in the ESBL-E-positive group than in the ESBL-E-negative group (7.0% vs 4.0%, P = 0.015).