Independent risk factors for maternal ESBL-E vaginal colonization
We identified the independent risk factors for the increase in ESBL-E vaginal colonization through a multivariate analysis (Table 4). The analysis showed that cerclage (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 3.248 [1.744–6.049]) and prior antibiotic treatment (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 3.044 [1.713–5.410]) remained as significant risk factors for positive ESBL-E vaginal colonization.